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时间:2021-04-14
《最新Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology:1章:进化心理学PPT课件.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter1-TheEvolutionofPsychology:1章:进化心理学Developing“Psychology”Greekterms-‘Psyche’:Soul,“logos’:ReferringtothestudyofasubjectStemmedfromthestudiesofPhilosophyandPhysiologyWilhelmWundt(1879)EstablishedPsychologyasitsownfield54,000pagesofbooks“Father”or“Founder”ofPsycho
2、logyConsciousnessDevelopedbyWundtDevelopingtheideaofconsciousness“Awarenessofimmediateexperience.”WomenPioneersinPsychologyMaryCalkins(1863-1930)InventedTechniquesforstudyingmemoryMargaretWashburn(1871-1939)FirstfemalePhDinPsychologyandwaslaterveryinfluentialinbehavi
3、orismLetaHollingworth(1886-1939)Studiedandwroteaboutadolescentdevelopment,retardationandfocusedongenderdifferencesWatsonandBehaviorismBehaviorismisa“theoreticalorientationbasedonthepremisethatscientificpsychologyshouldstudyonlyobservablebehavior.”Watsonwantedtoabandon
4、consciousnesstheoriesalltogetherChallengers:GestaltTheorists,whothroughtheGestaltPrincipalsfocusedonconsciousnessanditslevelofperceptualimportance.FreudandtheUnconsciousDevelopedtheinnovativeprocess,Psychoanalysis,thestudyofthemindthroughbehaviorUnconscious,ashetermedi
5、t,largelyrevolvedaround“thoughts,memoriesanddesiresthatarewellbelowthesurfaceofconsciousawarenessbutthatnonethelessexertgreatinfluenceonbehavior.”HelaterdevelopedthePsychoanalyticTheory,whichattemptstoexplainpersonality,motivation,mentaldisordersandfocusesonunconscious
6、determinantsofbehavior.SexualUrgesplayalargeroleBehaviorismandB.FSkinnerAllbehaviorisgovernedbyexternalstimuliFundamentalPrinciple:organismstendtorepeatresponsesthatleadtopositiveoutcomesandtendnottorepeatresponsesthatleadtoneutralornegativeoutcomesActionsaretheresults
7、ofunconsciousdecisionsFreewillisanIllusionHumanism:CarlRogersandAbrahamMaslowHumanismisatheoreticalorientationthatemphasizestheuniquequalitiesofhumans,especiallytheirfreedomandpotentialforgrowth.HumansarefundamentallydifferentfromotheranimalsGovernedbysenseofselforone'
8、s"self-concept"RogersandMaslowarguedthathumannatureisgovernedbyone'spersonaldesireforgrowth.PsychologyasaProfessionAp
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