英语国家概况英国部分chaptre2Economy.ppt

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1、Chapter2EconomyContentsOverviewAgricultureIndustryServiceMajorCitiesThreebranchesofEconomy:agriculture,industry,Service(tertiaryindustries).TheroletheBritishgovernmentplaysonBritishEconomy.IOverviewBritainhasa“mixedeconomy”I．e．aneconomyinwhichthereissomepublicownershipaswellasprivate

2、lyownedbusinesses．All0fwhichoperatewithinthecontextofwell-definedregulationsandlaws．Duringthetwentiethcenturythegovernmenthasbecomeincreasinglyinvolvedintheeconomythroughtheintroductionofsocialwelfarepoliciesandlawstoregulateindustrialrelations．In1945,aspartofitspolicytoachievefullem

3、ployment．theLaborgovernmentbegantonationalizekeyindustriessuchascoal，steel，andtrans—port．By1970s，underthepremiershipofMargaretThatcher．beatinginflationbecametheprimaryobjectiveandthetrendtosellbackthesekeyindustriestotheprivatesectorbegan．IIAnswerthequestions1.WhatistheConservativePa

4、rty’ssolutiontotheeconomicproblemsinthe1970s?Wasitsuccessful?TheconservativePartydenationalizedmostoftheindustriescontrolledbythegovernmentbetween1979and1996forthepurposeofstimulatingprivatecompetition.Meanwhile,thegovernmentisstillexercisingregulationoverthenewlyprivatizedindustries

5、bycontrollingpricesandkeepingaclosewatchovertheirperformances.Result:Ithasachievedsomesuccessbutunemploymentisstillhigh.Thegovernmentalsotriestofinetunetheeconomybyadjustingmonetaryandfiscalpolicies.TheHistoricalDivisionofBritain’sEconomicDevelopmenta.AperiodofEmpire(1701-1944)b.Aper

6、iodofDecline(1944-1989)c.AperiodofEuropeanism(1990-present)—relationshipwithEU.QuestionsfordiscussionIIAgriculture2.Howdothecountry’snaturalconditionsinfluenceitsagriculturalproduction?2.Howdothecountry’snaturalconditionsinfluenceitsagriculturalproduction?Britain’smildclimatehasprovi

7、dedthecountrywithafavorableenvironmentforagricultureandanimalhusbandry.Althoughthecountry’slandsurfaceissmallcomparedwithotherEuropeannations,itsagricultureisintenseandhighlyproductive.EuropeanUnionTheEuropeanUnion(EU)isaunionoftwenty-sevenindependentstatesbasedontheEuropeanCommuniti

8、esandfounded