资源描述：
《英语国家概况讲义(英国部分)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、EnglishhistoryisahistoryinvasionTheBritishareoftenregardedasa"mixed"people,meaningthattheyareproductsofwavesofinvasionandimmigrationfromdifferentethnicgroupsinthecourseofhistory.TherearefourimportantinvasionsinEnglishhistory.TheyinfluenceEnglishdifferentimpacts,andmakemajorbasisofmodernEnglis
2、h.EarlySettlers（5000BC-55BC）ThefirstknownsettlersofBritainweretheIberians.Atabout2000BCtheBeakerFolkarrivedfromtheareasnowknownasHollandandRhineland.TheCeltsbegantoarriveBritainabout700BC.TheCeltscametoBritaininthreemainwaves.ThefirstwaveweretheGaels-cameabout600BC.ThesecondwaveweretheBrython
3、s-cameabout400BC.ThethirdwaveweretheBelgae-cameabout150BC.Romaninvasion(55BC-410AD)BritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasion.In55BCand54BC,JuliusCaesar,aRomangeneral,invadedBritaintwice.InAD43,theEmperorClaudiusinvadedBritainsuccessfully.Fornearly400years,Britainwas4undertheRomanoccupa
4、tion,thoughitwasneveratotaloccupation.ButRomaninvasionhavealimitedinferenceonBritain.影响46Teutonicinvasion(446-871)Inthemid-5thcenturyanewwaveofinvaders,Jutes,Saxons,andAnglescametoBritain.TheywerethreeTeutonictribes.TheJutes,whofishedandfarmedinJutland,cametoBritainfirst.AJutishchiefbecamethe
5、KingofKentin449.ThentheSaxons,usersoftheshort-swordfromnorthernGermany,establishedtheirkingdominEssex,SussexandWessexfromtheendofthe5thcenturytothebeginningofthe6thcentury.Inthesecondhalfofthe6thcentury.Inthesecondhalfofthe6thcentury,theAngles,whoalsocamefromnorthernGermanyandweretogivetheirn
6、ametotheEnglishpeople,settledinEastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.ThesesevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbriahavebeengiventhenameofHeptarchy.4TheAnglo-SaxonsbroughttheirownTeutonicreligiontoBritain.作用60VikingandDanishinvasionsTheinvadersweretheNorwegians
7、andtheDanes.TheyattackedvariouspartsofEnglandfromtheendofthe8thcentury.Theybecameaseriousprobleminthe9thcentury,especiallybetween835and878.TheyevenmanagedtocaptureYork,animportantcenterofChristianityin867.Bythemiddleof9thcentury,theVikingandt
