Cohesion in English （outline）英语语篇分析之连贯.doc

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1、CohesioninEnglishThevariouskindsofcohesionhadbeenoutlinedbyMAKHallidayinhiswritingsonstylisticsandtheconceptwasdevelopedbyRuqayiaHasaninherUniversityofEdinburghdoctoralthesis.Cohesiverelationsarerelationsbetweentwoormoreelementsinatextthatareindependentofthestructure:forex

2、amplebetweenapersonalpronounandanantecedentpropername,suchasJohn….he.Asemanticrelationofthiskindmaybesetupeitherwithinasentencewiththeconsequencethatwhenitcrossesasentenceboundaryithastheeffectofmakingthetwosentencescoherewithoneanother.Themajorfunctionofcohesionistextform

3、ation.Asdefined:textisaunifiedwholeoflinguisticitems,thisunityoftextasasemanticwholeissourcefortheconceptofcohesion.Sofirstwewillexploretheconceptoftext.TextTextinlinguisticsreferstoanypassage,spokenorwritten,ofwhateverlength,thatformsaunifiedwhole.Areadercaneasilyidentify

4、whetherthepassageheisreadingisatextorotherwiseacollectionofunrelatedsentences.Atextmaybe:spoken,written,prose,verse,dialogue,monologue,singleproverb,asinglecryforhelporanall-daydiscussiononacommittee.Atextisaunitoflanguageinuse.Agrammaticalunitthatislargerthanasentence.Ate

5、xtisnotsomethingthatislikeasentenceonlybiggerorlarger.Itismisleading.Rathertextcanbebestdefinedasasemanticunit;aunitnotofformbutofmeaning.Asitisasemanticunit,wewillnotexpecttofinditinstructureofasentenceasagrammaticalunitasphrase,clauseetc.Soatextdoesnotconsistofsentencesb

6、utitisrealizedbyorencodedinsentences.Therearecertainobjectivefactorsinvolvedthatconstituteatext.ConstituentsofText1.Texture:2.Ties:3.Cohesion1.Texture:Textureisthatfeatureoftextwhichmadeitaunifiedwhole.AccordingtoTheConciseOxfordDictionaryofLinguisticsbyP.H.Mathewscohesion

7、andcoherencearesourceswhichcreatetexture.Crystaladds‘informativeness’tocohesionandcoherence.Example:Washandcoresixcookingapples.Putthemintoafireproofdish.Herethemrefersbackto(isanaphoricto)sixcookingapplestocreatecohesionbetweenthetwosentences.Herewemakeapresuppositionabou

8、ttherelationshipbetweenthemandsixcookingapplesbutitisnotenoughonlytomakeapresuppositionra