词汇学Lecture 3 构词法1.ppt

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1、Lecture3Word-formation(I)ProblemstobetackledGeneralremarksBasicconcepts:root,stemandbaseThreemajors:affixation,compounding,conversionGeneralremarks---Englishvocabulary=borrowings+wordformation.---productivity:threemajoronesandotherminormeans---produc

2、tivityVS.acceptability2.root,stemandbase2.1SimilaritiesTheyallrefertothepartofawordwhenaffixeshavebeenremoved.Newwordsarecreatedonthebasicpart.2.2Differences---Arootisthebasicformwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzed.Itisthepartthatcarriesthebasicmeaningwhena

3、llaffixesareremoved.e.g.internationalistsdecontextualizationgreenhouse---Astem(词干)isthepartoftheword-formwhichremainswhenallinflectionalratherthanderivationalaffixeshavebeenremoved.e.g.Internationalistswrites—writing—writingseasy—easier—easiest---Aba

4、se(词基)istheformtowhichaffixesofanykind(bothderivationalandinflectional)canbeadded.Itcanbearootorastembutnotcompletelyequaltothelattertwoconcepts.e.g.nation(root,stem,base)national(stem,base)international(stem,base)internationalist(stem,base)internati

5、onalists(x)Note:thecoveringareaofbaseiswiderthanstemwhichiswiderthanroot,i.e.base﹥stem﹥root3.Derivation派生法oraffixation词缀法3.1definitionaword-formationprocessbyaddingprefixes,suffixes,orbothtothebase.Thewordscreatedinthiswayarecalledderivatives.3.2Feat

6、uresofaffixes---mainlycomefromGreek,LatinandRomaniclanguages(Fr.It.Sp.)cf.P17---affixesarepolysemousandsynonymousinmeaningcf.17-18---prefixesmodifyorrestrictthelexicalmeaningofroots,suffixeschangeordeterminegrammaticalclassofroots.---productivityofaf

7、fixes3.3Classificationprefixation&suffixation4.Compounding/composition（合成法）4.1.Definition:compoundingistheprocessofword-formationbyjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit.IthasbeenproductiveateveryperiodoftheEnglishlanguage.4.2characteristics:Compoundsar

8、elargelytheresultoflexicalizationofphrases(well-behaved;stay-at-home;once-in-a-lifetime).Theycanbewrittensolid(airline),hyphenated(air-line)andopen(airline).Theycanbeorformedfromvariouspartsofspeech.Therearedifferentcriteriatodefineacompound.4.2.1ort