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1、Courseware3EnglishLexicologyInstructor:ChenJinrongIdiomsinEnglishLectureEightI.TheDefinitionofIdioms1.DefinitionsofIdiom:1)Idiommeans“anacceptedphrase,construction,orexpressioncontrarytotheusualpatternofthelanguageorhavingameaningdifferentfromthelanguageorhavingameaning
2、differentfromtheliteral.”(Webster’sNewWorldDictionaryoftheAmericanLanguage,2ndcollegeedition,1972)2)InstandardspokenandwrittenEnglishtodayidiomisanestablished,universalandessentialelementthat,usedwithcare,ornamentsandenrichesthelanguage.(V.H.Collins,ABookofEnglishIdioms
3、,p.xi)3)Anidiomisanelementofalanguagethatpossessesauniquewayofexpressionbasedonitstime-honoreduse.(by李赋宁《英语的习语》,p.1)4)Idiomsfixedgroupofwordsorasinglewordorasentencewithaspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromitsstructure.5)Idiomis“theuseofcommonwordsinaspecialsense”.(by林
4、承璋《英语词汇学引论》,p.284)tobehardup(tobeshortofmoney)toflyoffthehandle(becomeexcessivelyangry)TheEnglishlanguageaboundsinidioms.Idiomsarespecialwordsorphrasesthathavetheirownmeaning.Forexample,ifIsay"It'sapieceofcake,"Imeanit'sveryeasyandpleasant.Themeaningdoesn'treallyhaveany
5、thingtodowithcake.TherearemanyidiomsinEnglish.Ifyoulearntouseidioms,yourEnglishwillbemuchmorecolorfulandinteresting.Idiomsaddcolortolanguage.Idiomgivesalanguagecolour,characterandvariety.Idiomcanalsomakealanguageverydifficulttounderstand,especiallyfornewspeakers.Idiomis
6、yesterday'sslangandslangistomorrow'sidiom.II.TheFeaturesofEnglishIdiomsEnglishidiomsareakindofspecialspeechformthatispeculiaringrammaticalstructure,meaningandusage.Theyarecolorful,forceful,expressive,time-honored,thought-provoking.Manyidiomsaresemanticallyinexplicable.t
7、oraincatsanddogsthemaninthestreettowearone’shearton/uponone’ssleeveawomanofthestreet(s)Sheputherfootinhermouth.talkhorseadarkhorse1.Vividinusage,briefinstructureandprofoundinmeaningflyhighturnupone’snoseatputthecartbeforethehorse(enjoy/have)fortywinksanIndiansummer—thef
8、allinthewestoftheU.S.AInstructures,idiomsdon’tfollowtheanystandardrulesorgrammarandaresometimeswronginlogic.th
