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1、英译汉教程ACoursein English-ChineseTranslation王静安教授外国语学院英语系第二章英译汉常用的方法和技巧 第二节增词法英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换，又可能要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译时按意义上（或修辞上）和句法上的需要增加一些词来忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词。例如：Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,noordinaryChinesewithpaperfla
2、gsandbouquetofflowers.增加原文省略的词Mattercanbechangedintoenergy,andenergyintomatter.Thebestconductorhastheleastresistanceandthepoorestthegreatest.Intheeveningafterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.增加必要的连接词语Heated,wat
3、erwillchangeintovapor.Howevercarefullyboilercasingsandsteampipesaresealed,someheatescapesandislost.Sinceairhasweight,itexertsforceonanyobjectimmersedinit.（三）用增词法表达复数概念。Notethatthewords“velocity”and“speed”requireexplanation.Hestretchedhislegswhichwerescatteredwithscars.Themo
4、untainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.Thesamplesofsoilfromvariousdepthsareexaminedfortracesofoil.Iftheyaredisappointedatoneplace,thedrillersgotoanother.（四）概括性增词Accordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreateaninchoftopsoil.Thethesissummedupthenewachieveme
5、ntsmadeinelectroniccomputers,artificialsatellitesandrockets.Inthesummerof1969,theadministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.Thetreatyawardscoastalstatesabsolutecontroloverthefishintheireconomiczonesandtherighttosellfishingintereststoothernationsastheychoose.（五）从
6、修辞和连贯角度考虑增词。Thisprinterisindeedcheapandfine.Yes,IlikeChinesefood.Lotsofpeopledothesedays.Sortoffashion.Ascientistconstantlytriedtodefeathishypotheses,histheoriesandhisconclusion.NobodyhasraisedhishandsowethinkeveryoneagreeswithMr.Zhang.Hewasweekandold.（六）增加必要的副词。Thebridgeis
7、long.Thecrowdsmeltedaway.Asheatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredout.（七）增加表达时态的词。英语动词的时态靠动词的形式变化或加助动词来表达，汉语动词没有词形变化,表达时态要靠增加特有的时态助词或一般表示时间的词。1．对某种时间概念作强调时，汉译时往往需增加一些词语。1）Theoldmanhadtaughttheboytofish，andtheboylovedhim.2）IhadneverthoughtI’dbehappytofindmyselfconsideredunimport
8、ant.ButthistimeIwas.2．强调时间上的对比时，译文往往需要增加一些词语：1）Theoldmansaid:“Theysayhisfatherwasa
