新高考时文阅读58人造夜空下的沿海生物word版.docx

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2、人造夜空下的沿海生物自从火驱散了黑暗和野兽，人们就渐渐地不再惧怕黑夜。而在电灯问世一百多年后的今天，人们早已不满足于灯光只能用来驱散黑暗的单一作用，于是，夜晚的城市变成了光影交错的世界，寂静的夜也开始喧嚣起来。可对于生活在沿海的生物来说，那些绚烂的光影也许有着不同的意义。阅读短文并回答问题Theartificiallightingwhichlinestheworld’scoastlinescouldbehavingasignificantimpactonspeciesthatrelyonthemoonandstarstofindfood,newrese

3、archsuggests.Creaturessuchasthesandhopperorientate（确定方位）theirnightlymigrationsbasedonthemoon’spositionandbrightnessofthenaturalnightsky.However,astudybyBangorUniversityandtheUniversityofPlymouthshowsthepresenceofartificiallightoriginatingfromcitiesseveralkilometresaway(alsoknownasart

4、ificialskyglow)disruptsthelunarcompasstheyusewhencoveringlongdistances.Insomecases,thiscanleadtoanimalstravellingtowardstheseaandawayfromfood,whileinothersitreducesthechanceofthemventuringoutforfoodatall.WritinginCurrentBiology,researcherssaythiscouldposeadistinctthreatnotjusttothehe

5、althofsandhopperpopulationsbutalsothewiderecosystem,sincetheyplayanimportantroleinbreakingdownandrecyclingalgaewasheduponcoastlines.Dr.ThomasDavies,LecturerinMarineConservationattheUniversityofPlymouth(UK),said,“Artificialskyglowisthemostgeographicallywidespreadformoflightpollution.S

6、urveyshaveshownitcancurrentlybedetectedabove23%oftheworld’scoastsnightly,andwithcoastalhumanpopulationssettoatleastdoubleby2060,itseffectsareonlygoingtoincrease.Ourresultsshowitisalreadyhavingobviousimpactsonbiologicalprocessesthatareguidedbycelestial（天上的）lightsignals.”Throughthestud

7、y,researchersfindincreasingevidencethatlightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescaninfluencemarinespeciesinhabitingnearbybeaches,rockyshoresandeventheseafloor.Theseresultshighlighthowpervasive（遍布的）citylightingcouldbeinshapingtheecologyofcoastlineskilometresdistantfromtheirnearesturbancentres.T

8、heyalsohighlightthepotentialforartificialskyglowtoimpactotherspeciesthatundergomigrationsusingthemoonasacompass.“Whileourunderstandingoftheimpactsofstreetlightsonnaturehasimproveddramatically,artificialskyglowhasbeenlargelyoverlooked.Moreworkisurgentlyneededtofullyunderstandtheextent

9、towhichitiss