新高考时文阅读50鲨鱼的未来，生存还是灭亡word版.docx

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1、时文阅读鲨鱼的未来——生存还是灭亡众所周知，鲨鱼是海洋世界的霸主，对维持海洋的生态平衡起着至关重要的作用。而一项新的研究发现，大白鲨和鲸鲨将在下个世纪成为濒临灭绝的鲨鱼物种。这再次提醒我们，物种灭绝速度加快的背后，人类活动该怎样加以节制，才能在最大程度上减少对自然的干预阅读短文并回答问题Greatwhitesandwhalesharksareamongthespeciesatriskofextinctionoverthenextcentury,anewstudyhasfound.Pimientoistheleadauthorofastud

2、ypublishedinScienceAdvancesthatlooksathowtheextinctionoflargemarine（海洋的）specieswouldimpacttheecologicalrolesofoceanecosystems.“Theextinctioncrisischallengesscientiststobettermeasurebiodiversity:howwillthetotalvarietyoflifeonEarthbeaffectedashumanactivitiesleadtothelosseso

3、fmoreandmorespecies?”theysaid.Intheoceans,thebiggestanimalsarethoughttoplaycrucialecologicalroles,andarealsofacinghighlevelsofthreatfromhumanactivitiessuchasfisheriesandclimatechange.Theteamwaslookingtomovebeyondtraditionalspeciesextinctions,tofindoutmoreaboutthefunctiona

4、ldiversity,therangeofrolesthatthesespeciesperform,andhowbiodiversitymightrespondunderdifferentextinctionscenarios（预测）.Theyrantwodifferentextinctionscenarios.Inone,researcherslookedatextinctionprobabilitybasedontheircurrentIUCN(InternationalUnionforConservationofNature)sta

5、tus.Inthesecond,theyassumedallspecieslistedasthreatened,around40percent,hadgoneextinct.Sharkswerefoundtobeoneoftheworstaffectedgroups.“Wealreadyknewthatsharksareoneofthemostthreatenedgroupsintheocean,”theysaid.“Theyarealsoveryvulnerableduetotheirlargesizeandlowreproductiv

6、erate.Ourresultsshowthatfutureextinctionswouldbeselectiveagainstthemostfunctionallyuniqueandspecializedsharkspecies,resultingingreaterprojectedlosses.”Theyalsosaidthebiggestthreatstomarinemegafauna（大型哺乳动物群）arefishing,eitherthroughaccidentallygettingcaughtupordirectlytarge

7、ted,andclimatechange.Mitigatingthesethreatscouldbethebestwaytoprotectthesespecies.Thegoodnewsisthatthestudyidentifieskeyspeciesthatcanbetargetedandprotected.Sometimesoceanconservationcanbeatriagegame.Thesciencehelpsusknowwhichspeciesreallyneedourhelpandwhichspecieswereall

8、ycannotaffordtolose。1.WhatisPimiento’sstudyabout?A.Thepossiblethreatsoflargemarineanimals.B.Them