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1、Thepointisthis：withoutagreementontherightsofpeople，arguingabouttherightsofanimalsisfruitless.Itleadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset：itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumans,orwithnoconsiderationatall.Thisisafalsechoice.Arguingfromtheview
2、thathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect,extremistsofthiskindthinkthatanimalslieoutsidetheareaofmoralchoice.Anyregardforthesufferingofanimalsisseenasamistake--asentimentaldisplacementoffeelingthatshouldproperlybedirectedtootherhumans.Butthemostelementaryformofmoralreasoningistowei
3、ghothers’interestsagainstone'sown.Toseeananimalinpainisenough,formost,toengagesympathy.Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake,itismankind'sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,aninstinctthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.问题是：如对人的权利没有一致的意见，去争论动物的权利是没有结果的。只会一开始就把讨论引向极端。它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么
4、对它们冷漠无情。这是一种错误的选择。有人认为从人与动物在各相关方面都不同，持这种极端看法的人会认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。任何对动物遭遇的关心都被认为是错误的，是把自己的感情放错了地方，因为这种感情应当放到其他人身上。但是道德观的最基本一条是将心比心。对大多数人来说，看到动物受罪足以引起人的同情。这种反应并不是错误，而是人用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应当得到鼓励，不应遭到嘲笑。Theeducationofhumanists1）Theeducationofhumanistscannotberegardedascomplete,orevenadequatewithoutex
5、posureinsomedepthtowherethingsstandinthevariousbranchesofscience,particularly,intheareasofourignorance.2)Physicsprofessors,mostofthem,lookwithrevulsiononassignmentstoteachtheirsubjectstopoets.3)Theliberalartsfaculties,fortheirparts,willcontinuetoviewthescientistswithsuspicionandapprehension.4)Bu
6、tmaybe,anewsetofcoursesdealingsystematicallywithignoranceinsciencewilltakehold.5)Thescientistsmightdiscoverinitanewandsubversivetechniqueforcatchingtheattentionofstudentsdrivenbycuriosity,delightedandsurprisedtolearnthatscienceisexactlyassomescientistsdescribedit:an“endlessfrontier.”6)Thehumanis
7、ts,fortheirpart,mighttakeconsiderablesatisfactioninwatchingtheirscientificcolleaguesconfessopenlytonotknowingeverythingabouteveryone.7)Andthepoets,onwhoseshouldersthefuturerests,might,latenights,thinkingthingsover,begintosee
