资源描述：
《精品资料中枢兴奋药课件》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、中枢兴奋药CentralStimulants第一课件网CentralStimulantsDefinition:Drugsthatcanstimulatethecentralnervoussystem.Classification:Cerebralcortexstimulation:Caffeine,Theophylline…Cerebrumandbrainstemstimulation:Nikethamide,DimeflineandLobeline.Spinalcordstimulation:StrychnineCaffeine(咖啡因)【
2、MechanismofAction】Inhibitphosphodiesterase,decreasethedegradationofcAMP→cAMP↑……→physiologicaleffectCentralneuromodulatorantagonist→effectofadenosine→blocktheinhibitingeffectofadenosineoncentralnervoussystem→stimulatethecentralnervoussystem.IncreasingintracellularfreecalciumC
3、ompetitiveantagonistsofBenzodiazepinereceptor,decreasetheopenfrequencyofCl－channel→stimulatethecentralnervoussystem.Caffeine【Pharmacologicpropertiesandclinicalapplication】CNS：Insmalldoses,itcauseswakefulness,increasesmentalalertness,anddecreasesresponsetimesforsimplemotortas
4、k.Cardiovasculareffects：Smalldoses→stimulatevagusnerve→heartrate↓Largedoses→increasethesensitivityofheartrate→arrhythmiaVasoconstrictioneffects:usewithErgotamine,brainarteriectasis→treatmentofmigraine,usuallycompatiblewithantipyreticanalgesic→cold,headache,hypertensionheadac
5、he（APC、Somedon）.Caffeine【Adverseeffect】Rare.Stimulation,discomfortable,insomniaOverdose→tachycardiaToxis→muscletremorLobeline(洛贝林)【Pharmacologicproperties】Stimulatecarotidbodyandaorticchemoreceptor,stimulaterespiratorycenterreflectivity.LargedosesLobelinecanstimulatemedullao
6、blongatarespiratorycenterdirectly.Stimulatesympatheticnerve→increaseintheheartrate,BP↑Takeeffectrapidly,holdtimeisshort(severalminutes).Lobelineisoftenusedtoimproverespiratorydepressionwhichinducedbyneonatalasphyxiaandpedo-infectiousdiseases,italsocanimproverespiratoryfailur
7、ewhichinducedbydrugintoxicationandCO2intoxication.Adverseeffect：increaseintheheartrate，overdose→convulsionNikethamide(尼可刹米)(Coramine可拉明)【Pharmacologicproperties】IncreasethestimulationofCNS,especiallystimulatemedullaoblongatarespiratorycenter,carotidbodyandaorticchemoreceptor
8、,andthen,stimulaterespiratorycenterreflectivity,increasetheCO2sensitivityof
