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1、Lecture4 RalphWaldoEmerson andHenryDavidThoreauRalphWaldoEmersonHewasbornininBoston,thesonofaUnitarianminister.HeattendedHarvard,studiedtheology,andbecameaUnitarianministerin1829.Heresignedfromhispostforreasonsofconsciencein1832.WhileinEurope,hemetWo
2、rdsworthandColeridge;thenhesettleddowninConcord,andbecametheleadingmemberoftheTranscendentalclub.Emerson’sMajorWorks1836Nature(“TheBibleofTranscendentalism”and“TheManifestoofAmericanTranscendentalism”)1837TheAmericanScholar1841Essays“Self-reliance”18
3、44Essays:SecondSeries1849RepresentativeMen1860TheconductofLifeEmerson’sIdeasSelf-trustandself-reliance.HethinksthattotrustselfisreallytotrustthevoiceofGodspeakingintuitivelywithinus.Theinfinitudeofman’sdivinepotentiality.Hebelievesthatthepossibilitie
4、sformantodevelopandimprovehimselfareinfinite.3.NatureassymbolicofGod.IntheeyesofEmerson,“Natureisthevehicleofthought,”and“particularnaturalfactsaresymbolsofparticularspiritualfacts”.Emerson’sStylisticFeatures1.Epigrammaticinexpressionofideas2.Richinc
5、omparison,especiallymetaphor.3.Sometimesincoherentnotwellorganized.KeysentencesLine1,Paragraph3,p,23.Ihopeinthesedayswehaveheardthelastofconformityandconsistency.p.20Line1:Whosowouldbeamanmustbeanonconformist.Line10:Theonlyrightiswahtisaftermyconstit
6、ution.Thyloveafarisspiteathome.Concreteloveisbetterthanabstractlove.Yougoodnessmusthavesomeedgetoit,elseitisnone.Thedoctrineofhatredmustbepreached,asthecounteractionofthedoctrineoflove.Wickedinstitutionp.21Virtuesarerathertheexceptionthantherule.Myli
7、feisforitselfandnotforaspectacle.Ican’tconsenttopayforaprivilegewhereIhaveintrinsicright.DoyourworkandIshallknowyou.P.22Fornonconformity,theworldwhipsyouwithitsdispleasure.Theotherterrorthatscaresusfromself-trustisourconsistency.过渡句Whydragaboutthisco
8、rpseofyourmemory?Acharacterislikeanacrostic回文,readitforward,backward,oracross,itstillspellsthesamething.MadamI’mAdam.P.23Characterteachesaboveourwills.Greatnessappealstothefuture.Paradox:自相矛盾Weworshipittodaybecauseitisnotofto-dayAgreatmaniscomingtoea
