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1、ModernismDuringthefirstdecadesofthe20thcentury,modernismbecameaninternationaltendencyagainstpositivismandrepresentationalartinartandliterature.ItbeganinGermanyinthe1890s,spreadworldwide,andendedintheearly1940s.Itisassumedthatmodernismwastheconsequenceofthe
2、transformationofsocietybroughtaboutbyindustrialismandtechnologyinthecourseofthe19thcentury.Theessenceofmodernismwasabreakwiththepast,anditalsofosteredabeliefinartandliteratureasanavenuetoself-fulfillment.Thedistinctivefeatureofliterarymodernismwasitsstrong
3、andconsciousbreakwithtraditionalforms,perceptions,andtechniquesofexpressions,anditsgreatconcernwithlanguageandallaspectsofitsmedium.Itwaspersistentlyexperimental.Streamofconsciousness,theuseofmythasastructuralprinciple,andtheprimarystatusgiventothepoeticim
4、age,allchallengedtraditionalrepresentation.Generallyspeaking,thisnewdesireincraftsmanshipandskillwasoneofthehallmarksoftheearlydecadesofthe20thcentury.TraditionalFormsBallad(民谣)Aballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhy
5、med.“theGesteofRobinHood”Stopandlisten,everybody,Thisstory'sprettygood.It'sallaboutaboldoutlaw,HisnamewasRobinHood.Robinwasawiseoutlaw.Whilehewalkedonground,SocourteousanoutlawWasseldomeverfound.RobinstoodinthegreenwoodAndleanedagainstatree,AndbyhimstoodLi
6、ttleJohn,Agoodyeomanwashe.AndalsodidgoodScarlett,AndMuch,themiller'sson.EveryinchofhisbodyWasworthyofaman. --------fromTheGesteofRobinHoodHeroicCoupletItreferstoacoupletconsistingoftworhymedlinesofiambicpentameterandwritteninanelevatedstyle.Whanthat/Aprill
7、e/withhis/showers/swoote.Thedrought/ofMarche/hathper/cedto/theroot,Andbathedeveryveininsuchlicour,Ofwhichvertuengenderedistheflour;WhanZephyrusekewithhissweetebreathInspiredhathineveryholtandheethThetendercroppes,andtheyoungsunHathintheRamhishalfecourseI-r
8、un,Andsmallfowlesmakemelody,Thatsleepenallthenightwithopeneye.－Soprickeththemnatureintheircorages—Thenlongefolktogoonpilgrimmages,SonnetSonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday,Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperat
