chapter220-nutrition's interface with health and disease课件

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1、Chapter220Nutrition’sInterfacewithHealthandDiseasecontentsBackgroundinformationMedicalroots,prefixesandsuffixesSentencestranslationDRITheDietaryReferenceIntake(DRI)isasystemofnutritionrecommendationsfromtheInstituteofMedicine(IOM)oftheU.S.NationalAcademy

2、ofSciences.TheDRIsystemisusedbyboththeUnitedStatesandCanadaandisintendedforthegeneralpublicandhealthprofessionals.Applicationsinclude:Compositionofdietsforschools,prisons,hospitalsornursinghomesIndustriesdevelopingnewfoodstuffsHealthcarepolicymakersandpu

3、blichealthofficialsThecurrentDietaryReferenceIntakerecommendationiscomposedof:EstimatedAverageRequirements(EAR),expectedtosatisfytheneedsof50%ofthepeopleinthatagegroupbasedonareviewofthescientificliterature.RecommendedDietaryAllowances(RDA),thedailydieta

4、ryintakelevelofanutrientconsideredsufficientbytheFoodandNutritionBoardtomeettherequirementsof97.5%ofhealthyindividualsineachlife-stageandgendergroup.ItiscalculatedbasedontheEARandisusuallyapproximately20%higherthantheEAR(SeeCalculatingtheRDA).AdequateInt

5、ake(AI),wherenoRDAhasbeenestablished,buttheamountestablishedissomewhatlessfirmlybelievedtobeadequateforeveryoneinthedemographicgroup.Tolerableupperintakelevels(UL),tocautionagainstexcessiveintakeofnutrients(likevitaminA)thatcanbeharmfulinlargeamounts.Thi

6、sisthehighestlevelofdailyconsumptionthatcurrentdatahaveshowntocausenosideeffectsinhumanswhenusedindefinitelywithoutmedicalsupervision.LDL低密度脂蛋白（英语：low-densitylipoprotein，简称为LDL）指一类及范围的脂蛋白粒子，有着约18-25纳米直径的大小，负责在血液内运载脂肪酸分子至全身供细胞使用。它是由肝脏所产生的极低密度脂蛋白的最终阶段。它只包含

7、有载体蛋白B-100（即一种有4536种氨基酸的蛋白质）。它亦包含维他命抗氧化剂（维生素E或类胡萝蔔素）。低密度脂蛋白携带的胆固醇水平与心血管疾病的发生存在紧密的正相关，因此低密度脂蛋白胆固醇普遍称为“坏胆固醇”。请注意，低密度脂蛋白并非胆固醇。LDL与疾病的关系由于低密度脂蛋白将胆固醇运送至动脉，过高水平的低密度脂蛋白会造成动脉硬化、心肌梗塞、中风及周围动脉疾病。所以低密度脂蛋白内的胆固醇会被称为“坏胆固醇”。当然，并非它本身必然是坏的胆固醇，而是要看它被送往什么地方，与长年累积的数量。HDLHigh

8、-densitylipoprotein(HDL)isoneofthefivemajorgroupsoflipoproteins,which,inorderofmolecularsize,largesttosmallest,arechylomicrons,verylow-densitylipoprotein(VLDL),intermediate-densitylipoprotein(IDL),low-densitylipoprotein(LD