大学英语语法8——分词短语课件.ppt

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1、CollegeEnglishGrammar:GrammarandWritingByZhuXiangjunUnit8Phrases:ParticipialPhrasesGrammar:ParticipialPhrasesWriting:Correcting:DanglingModifiersRewriting:SentenceemphasisParticipialPhrasesWordsthataremadeofverbsbutdon'tactlikeverbsarecalledverbals.Therearethreetypesofverbals:par

2、ticiples,infinitivesandgerunds.Aparticipleisaverbformusedasanadjectivetomodifynounsandpronouns,orasanadverbtomodifyverbs,adjectivesorotheradverbs.Participlescomeintwoforms:thepresentparticiple(V-ing)andthepastparticiple(V-ed).ThepresentparticipleinEnglishisintheactivevoiceandisus

3、edfor:1.modifyinganounasanadjective;Thegirlisdancing.Thegirlisthedaughterofmyneighbor.Thedancinggirlisthedaughterofmyneighbor.2.modifyingaverborwholesentenceasanadverb.Jacksmiled.Jacksaidhellotome.Smiling,Jacksaidhellotome.Thepastparticiplemaybeusedinbothactiveandpassivevoice

4、sandisusedfor:modifyinganounasanadjective,withactivesense；Atreefellontheroad.Theroadwasblocked.Theroadwasblockedbyafallentree.modifyinganounasanadjective,withpassivesense;Thestreetwasdeserted.Ifeltuneasyonthestreet.Ifeltuneasyonthedesertedstreet.modifyingaverborsentenceasanad

5、verb.Jackwasshaken.Jackhadtoquithisvillage.Jackwasindespair.Shaken,Jackhadtoquithisvillageindespair.Ifyouarenotsurewhetheryoushouldusepresentparticipleorpastparticiple,youcanturnthephraseintoasentence.Rightsentenceensuresrightchoice.ParticipialphraseSentence(be+participle)thes

6、ingingbirdsflyingtimebrokencartheexcitedchildren→Thebirdsaresinging.→Thebirdsaresung.→Timeisflying.→Timeisflown.→Thecarisbreaking.→Thecarisbroken.→Thechildrenareexciting.→Thechildrenareexcited.Asadjectives,participlesmaybeplacedbeforeorafterthewordstheymodify.Thevisitingministere

7、xpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks.Soontheycouldseethesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.Ingeneral,presentparticiplesindicatetheactionisactiveandprogressive;pastparticiplesindicatetheactionispassiveandcompletion.Manyadverbialclausescanbereducedtoparticipialphrases,especiallywhentheysh

8、arethesubjectwiththemainclause.Ifyoufoll