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1、GrammarPoint1ParticiplesasAdverbials1I.Participles1、作为谓语,现在分词和be一起构成进行时;过去分词和be一起构成被动语态,和have一起构成完成时。例如:1)IamreadinganovelbyMaupassant.(现在分词和be一起表示主语正在进行的动作。)2)Mr.Robinsonhasdrunkfiveglassesofwinealready.(过去分词和have一起表示主语已经完成的动作。)3)ThegoldfishbowlwasbrokenbyXiaoTaojustnow.(过去分词和be一
2、起表示主语是动作的承受者。)22、作为非谓语形式,分词可用作形容词和副词,在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。1)Thequestionbeingdiscussedseemsimportant.(定语)=Thequestionwhichisbeingdiscussedseemsimportant.2)Theolddaysaregone.(表语)3)Walkingalongthesands,Crusoesawinthesandthemarkofaman’sfoot.(状语)
3、=Whilehewaswalkingalongthesands,Crusoe…Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.(宾语补足语)3II.ParticiplesasAdverbials1.分词和分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。例如:1)Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.=Whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringtheroom,theystoodup.2)Heated,theMetal
4、expands.=Themetalexpandsif/whenitisheated.3)Beingexcited,Icouldn’tgotosleep.=AsIwasexcited,Icouldn’tgotosleep.44)Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinsports.=Ashewasastudent,hewasinterestedinsports.5)InspiredbyDr.Yang’sspeech,LiHuaandhisclassmatesdecidedtostudyphysicsharder.=Astheywerei
5、nspiredbyDr.Yang’sspeech,LiHuaandhisclassmatesdecidedtostudyphysicsharder.6)Whilereadingthenewspaper,fathernoddedfromtimetotime.=Whilehewasreadingthenewspaper,fathernoddedfromtimetotime.7)Havingfailedthreetimes,hedidn’twanttotryagain.=Ashehadfailedthreetimes,hedidn’twanttotryagain
6、.52.分词短语做状语的原则:1)现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。2)过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生,且及物动词的过去分词意思是被动的。3)现在分词做状语时,该动作是由句子的主语发出的。4)过去分词做状语时,该动作是施加到句子主语上的。63.状语从句转化为分词短语做状语1)Whenshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.2)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,ashewaspreparingaspeechforthepresident.Seei
7、ngnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingaspeechforthepresident.73)Becausehewastiredofthenoise,heclosedthewindow.4)Aftertheyhadwateredthevegetables,theybegantopickuptheapples.5)Afterhefinishedthework,hepackedhistoolsandleft.Tiredoftheno
8、ise,heclosedthewindow.Havingwater