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1、Chapter9 LanguageandLiterature11.StyleandStylisticsStyle:variationinthelanguageuseofanindividual,suchasformal/informalstyleLiterarystyle:waysofwritingemployedinliteratureandbyindividualwriters;thewaythemindoftheauthorexpressesitselfinwords2Stylistics“studiesthefeaturesofsituationallydisti
2、nctiveuses(varieties)oflanguage,andtriestoestablishprinciplescapableofaccountingfortheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage.”(Crystal1980)3Stylisticsisthestudyofvarietiesoflanguagewhosepropertiespositionthatlanguageincontext.Forexample,thelanguageofadvertisi
3、ng,politics,religion,individualauthors,etc.,orthelanguageofaperiodintime,allbelonginaparticularsituation.Inotherwords,theyallhave‘place’.4Stylisticsalsoattemptstoestablishprinciplescapableofexplainingtheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualsandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage,suchassocialisat
4、ion,theproductionandreceptionofmeaning,criticaldiscourseanalysisandliterarycriticism.5Otherfeaturesofstylisticsincludetheuseofdialogue,includingregionalaccentsandpeople’sdialects,descriptivelanguage,theuseofgrammar,suchastheactivevoiceorpassivevoice,thedistributionofsentencelengths,theuse
5、ofparticularlanguageregisters,etc.6Manylinguistsdonotliketheterm‘stylistics’.Theword‘style’,itself,hasseveralconnotationsthatmakeitdifficultforthetermtobedefinedaccurately.However,inLinguisticCriticism,RogerFowlermakesthepointthat,innon-theoreticalusage,thewordstylisticsmakessenseandisuse
6、fulinreferringtoanenormousrangeofliterarycontexts,suchasJohnMilton’s‘grandstyle’,the‘prosestyle’ofHenryJames,the‘epic’and‘balladstyle’ofclassicalGreekliterature,etc.(Fowler,1996:185).7Inaddition,stylisticsisadistinctivetermthatmaybeusedtodeterminetheconnectionsbetweentheformandeffectswith
7、inaparticularvarietyoflanguage.Therefore,stylisticslooksatwhatis‘goingon’withinthelanguage;whatthelinguisticassociationsarethatthestyleoflanguagereveals.8Thescopeissometimesnarrowedtoconcentrateonthemorestrikingfeaturesofliterarylanguage,forinstance,its‘deviant’anda
