跨文化交际time orientation课件.ppt

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1、Non-verbalCommunicationTimeOrientationCommunicationprocessisanongoingstreamofeventsoveraperiodoftime.thevalueorimportancethemembersofacultureplaceonthepassageoftime.theheartbeatofculturePast-orientedCulturesPreviousexperiencesandeventsaremostimportant

2、.PrimaryemphasisontraditionandthewisdomfromoldergenerationshowagreatdealofdeferenceandrespectforparentsandothereldersEventsarecircular;importantpatternsperpetuallyrecurinthepresenttried-and-truemethodsforovercomingobstaclesandproblemsPresent-orientedC

3、ulturesCurrentexperiencesarethemostimportant.emphasisonspontaneityandimmediacyandexperiencingeachmomentParticipationineventsbecauseoftheimmediatepleasurethatactivitiesprovideinsteadofpotentialfuturegainbeliefinunseenandunknownoutsideforcessuchasfateor

4、luckPhilippinesCentralandSouthAmericansFuture-orientedCulturesThemomentinthefutureismostimportant.Currentactivitiesareaccomplishedandappreciatedforthepotentialfuturebenefits.Thefateisinone’sownhandsandtheycontroltheconsequencesoftheiractions.TimeSyste

5、msimplicitrulestoarrangesetsofexperiencesinsomemeaningfulwayTechnicaltimesystemstheprecise,scientificmeasurementsoftimethatarecalculatedinsuchunitsasnanosecondsFormaltimesystemsInformaltimesystemsFormaltimesystemsthewaysinwhichmembersofaculturedescrib

6、eandcomprehendunitsoftimeTimeunitsvarygreatlyfromculturetoculture.NativeAmericanculturesTimeissegmentedbythephasesofthemoon,thechangingseasons,theriseandfallofthetides,orthemovementsofthesun.EuropeanAmericans:Timeissegmentedintoseconds,minutes,hours,d

7、ays,weeks,months,andyears.Time’spassagesmaybeindicatedbyreferencetosignificantevents.Timeintervalsmaybemorearbitraryorbasedonsignificantexternaleventssuchasthelengthofadayorthephasesofthemoon.Timesequencesareexplicitlytaughttochildrenandnewcomersasani

8、mportantpartoftheacculturationprocess.agreementsamongthemembersofacultureontheextenttowhichtimeisregardedasvaluableandtangibleInformaltimesystemstheassumptionsculturesmakeabouthowtimeshouldbeusedorexperiencedCultureshaveunstatedexpectationabou