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1、行列式化简计算技巧和实题操练——Zachary一.技巧:技巧1:行列式与它的转置行列式的值相等,即D=DTaaaaaa11121n1121n1aaaaaa21222n1222n2aaaaaan1n2nn1n2nnn技巧2:互换行列式的任意两行(列),行列式的值将改变正负号aaaaaa11121n21222naaaaaa21222n11121naaaaaan1n2nnn1n2nn技巧3:行列式中某一行(列)的所有元素的公因子可以提到行列式记号的外面bababaaaa11111211n1
2、1121nbababaaaan22122222n21222nbni1bababaaaann1nn2nnnn1n2nn技巧4:行列式具有分行(列)相加性aaaaaaaaa11121n11121n11121nbcbcbcbbbccct1t1t2t2tntnt1t2tnt1t2tnaaaaaaaaan1n2nnn1n2nnn1n2nn技巧5:将行列式的某一行(列)的各元素乘以同一数k后加到另一行(列)对应的元素上,行列式的值不变aaaaaa11121n1
3、1121naaaakaakaakas1s2sns1t1s2t2sntnaaaaaat1t2tnt1t2tnaaaaaan1n2nnn1n2nn技巧6:分块行列式的值等于其主对角线上两个子块行列式的值的乘积aa00111maabb111m111naa00m1mmccbb111m111naabbm1mmn1nnccbbn1nmn1nn技巧7:[拉普拉斯按一行(列)展开定理]行列式等于它的任一行(列)的各元素与其对应的代数余子式乘积之和nnD
4、aikAik(i1,2,,n)akjAkj(j1,2,,n)k1k1二.解题方法:方法1:对于2阶行列式和3阶行列式,可以直接使用对角线法则进行计算aa1112aaaa,11221221aa2122aaa111213aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa212223112233122331132132112332122133132231aaa313233方法2:上三角行列式,下三角行列式,主对角线行列式,副对角线行列式aaaa0011121n110aanaa0n222n2122aii,
5、aii,i1i100aaaannn1n2nn12(其余未写出元素均为零),12nn1n(n1)22(1)(其余未写出元素均为零)12nn方法3:若行列式中有两行(列)对应元素相等,则此行列式的值等于零aaeibbfj0ccgkddhl方法4:若行列式中有一行(列)的元素全为零,则此行列式的值为零0aei0bfj00cgk0dhl方法5:若行列式中有两行(列)元素成比例,则此行列式的值等于零akaeibkbfj0ckcgkdkdhl实题操练:计算下列行列式的值:习题1:120
6、114318解答:1201141182(4)30(1)(1)0132(1)81(4)(1)4318习题3:12345678910111213141516解答:123411315678cc51712109101112cc911114313141516131151习题4:333x333x333x333x3333解答:333x3x33x333x334x3x33c1ci3x333i2xx333x3333x333133
7、x3133x3rr2113x3300xxxrrx311x3330x0xrr411333000x133x30x0x4rrxx2300xx000x习题5:abababab11121314abababab12222324abababab13233334abababab14243444解答:abababab11121314abababab12222324按第一列展开,abababab13233334abababab14243444abababababababababababab22232412131
8、4121314121314abababababababababababababababab11233334122333341322232414222324abababab