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1、Unit4Abstract(2)TopicalHighlights5stepsforAbstractWriting5AstrategyLikelyMistakes/CommonErrorsSpecialAttention:Vocabulary5stepsforAbstractWriting1.underliningkeywordsandsentences2.listingessentialpointsofthepaper3.Boilingdowneachsectiontoasentenceortwo4.draftingtheabstract5.checkingthefinaldraftu
2、nderliningkey wordsandsentencesUnderlinethekeywordsandsentenceswhichareoftensignaledbytransitionaldevices:carefullyexaminetheheadings,topics,supportingandconcludingsentencesofparagraphs,bymarkingsuchtransitionalmarkersasfirst,second,third;notethekeywordsindicatingcomparison/contrast(e.g.,however,
3、etc)oressentials(e.g.,best,foremost,thekeytotheproblemis,etc.)listingessentialpoints ofthepaperListthemainpointsyouhavedrawnfromyourcarefulreadingofthewholepaper.Trytoputthesameemphasisontothepointsofyourpaperasyoudidwiththeoriginalpaper.Checkthetableofcontents(ifthereexistsone)ortheoutline(ifyou
4、areabstractingyourownpaper)forthemainpointsofthepaper.Boilingdowneachsectionto asentenceortwoItisaneffectivepracticeinpreparingyourabstract.Thisisespeciallyimportantforadescriptive(orindicative)abstract.DraftingtheAbstractUseyourownwordswhereverpossible.Ifyouborrowsomewordsofphrases,orwholesenten
5、cesfromthetext,youmayfindtheabstractlengthyorunnatural.Avoidincludingopinions,examples,detailsandexplanations./Eliminatereferencestotables,figuresorsourcesfoundinthereferenceslistoftheoriginalpaper.Writeconcise,straightforwardEnglish;counteveryword.Yourabstractmustbecompletelyindependentofthepape
6、r.Puttheabstractasideforsometimetillyouarerefreshed,thenreadandeditit.checkingthefinaldraftRegardlessofthelengthofthefinaldraftofyourabstract,studyitagainwithaviewtoshorteningitfurthertoaminimumlength.Checkthefinaldrafttomakesureyourabstractisuseful,representativeandreadable.Recheckyourabstractun
7、tilyouaresatisfiedwithit.Aswiththepaperitself,havetheabstractreadcriticallybysomeofyourcolleaguesforclarity,consistency,properemphasis,andobjectivity.5AStrategyIncorporatingwiththeabove“5steps”ofabstractwriting,thefoll
