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1、翻译以下论文中的红色字体部分:TRANSGENICPLANTS,THENANDNOW:APERSONALPERSPECTIVEDavidW.Ow1INTRODUCTIONAlthoughIwasaskedtogiveatalkontransgenicplantsandissuesconcerninggeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs),Idecidedthatthiswastoobroadatopic.Iwouldonlybequalifiedtodescribeafewexamplesofthe
2、transgenicplantsthathavebeenapartofmyresearch.Ichosetheseexamplesonlybecauseofmyfamiliaritywiththem,nothingmore.Hence,thisarticleshouldnotbeconsideredacomprehensivereviewontheachievementsinthisfieldorasadefinitiveviewonGMOissues.MAKINGAPLANTGLOWMyfirstattemptatmaking
3、atransgenicplantwasin1985,whenIwasapostdoctoralfellowwithStephenHowellattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego(UCSD).ThroughcollaborationwithDonHelinskiandMarleneDeLuca,wehadobtainedagenefromthefireflythatencodedluciferase,theenzymethatmakesfirefliesglow.Wefoundthatthege
4、necouldproducefunctionalluciferaseincarrotprotoplasts,whichpromptedustotestthetantalizingpossibilityofcreatingaplantthatcouldemitlight.Atthetime,plantgenetransferwasinitsinfancy,withthefirstsuccessreportedin1983.Followingthesketchydescriptionsofthetechniqueinthatrepo
5、rt,wemadeourfirsttransgenicplant.Thetobaccoplantwasabletoemitlightwithsufficientoutputtobecapturedbyovernightexposureonfilm(Owetal.,1986).Thephotohadaneerie,Òsci-fiÓfeeltoit(Fig.1).WemanagedtomakefourpostersbeforeUCSDcopyrightedit,notthatanyofuswouldthinkofsellingour
6、posters.Thenewsthataplantcouldglowlitafireinthenews.Today,thisphotoisfoundinnumeroustextbooks,andtheluciferasegenehasprovedtobeavaluabletoolinresearch.Thephoto,beinganiconofplantgeneticengineering,alsoreceiveditsshareofcriticism.Therewasnotmuchoppositiontotransgenict
7、echnologybackthen,butsignswereemerging.Iexperiencedmyfirstquackcallfromsomeoneclaimingtobeassociatedwithareligiousgroupthatopposedgeneticengineeringandtobaccouse.Apparently,thatpersonsawtheheadlinesofanewspaperthatreadÒTobaccothatLightsItself.ÓAyearlater,Iwastoldthat
8、JeremyRifkinhadshowntheglowing-plantphotoonGoodMorningAmericatoexemplifythewildcreationsthatcouldemergefromtinkeringwithDNA.17Proce