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1、Addition&OmissionAdditionStructuralAdditionSemanticAdditionRhetoricalAdditionStructuralAdditionWewon’tretreat;weneverhaveandneverwill.我们不后退,我们从来没有后退过,我们将来也决不后退。Theyhaveourinterestatheartaswehavetheirs.他们关心我们的利益,我们也关心他们的利益。SupplyingwordsomittedorsubstitutedintheoriginalSuppl
2、yingwordsnecessaryinstructureorcollocationofthetargettext:Youcannotbuildaship,ahouse,oramachinetoolifyoudonotknowhowtomakeorreadadesign.如果不懂得制图或不懂图纸,就不能造船、盖房子或制造机床。Hewasaquietandthoughtfulman.他举止文雅,待人体贴。Principles:Semanticandstructuralrequirementofthetargetlanguageinexpress
3、ion!SemanticAddition补充辅助性名词、动词以及概括性的词增加辅助性动词:Intheevening,aferthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommunique.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后的公报。Thiswasarecordincrease.Weadviseanimmediatedecision.Decision—makedecision.增加概括性的词
4、ThisreportsummedupthenewachievementsmadebySiemensinhomeappliances,medicalequipmentandcommunicationfacilities.这篇报告总结了西门子在家用电器、医疗器械及通讯设施这三方面的新成就。Theprincipalfunctionsthatmaybeperformedbyvacuumtubesarerectification,amplification,oscillation,modulation,anddetection.真空管的五大职能是:整流
5、、放大、振荡、调制和检波。增加解释性词语HereenthusiastscanenjoythefantasticexperiencebroughtaboutbyournewPorsches.在这里,车迷们将会体验全系新款保时捷跑车所带来的震撼感受。HaveyougotaniPhoneyet?You’renotRobinsonCrusoe.You’renotalone,sodon’tbesodamnedselfish.你又不是流落孤岛、与世隔绝的鲁宾逊,不要事事只为自己打算。PresidentHuwaswinedanddinedbyObama.R
6、hetoricalAdditionThehostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talkedandlaughed.主人割、倒、端、切面包、说和笑。主人割肉呀、斟酒呀,端菜呀,切面包呀,又说又笑,忙的不亦乐乎。TheydriftedacrossAmericaandgatheredinthebigcitieswhenwintercame,hungry,defeated,empty,hopeless,restless,drivenbytheyknewnotwhat,alwaysonthemove,lookingevery
7、whereforwork,forthebarecrumbstosupporttheirmiserablelives,andfindingneitherworknorcrumbs.他们漂泊啊,漂泊,走遍了美国,冬天到了,才在各大城市聚集起来,忍饥挨饿,到处碰壁,一无所有,前途渺茫,焦躁不安,心烦意乱,辗转奔波,到处找活干,到处找仅能糊口的面包,以维持他们悲惨的生活,可是一样也没找到。总之,增补的原则是基于目标语在结构与语义上的双重需要。因此,必须充分了解目标语的表达习惯。如在表达汉语时,要充分考虑汉语的一些主要特点,如动词化、主动化、意合、状语
8、前置、流水句、概括性、成语及四字格的大量使用、无冠词无复数。原文有其意,但无其词,译文宜增补;增词不增意,正如减词不减意;译文增补应无损于愿意,有益于通顺,有助于传