词汇名词解释.doc

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1、词汇学名词解释Lexicology（词汇学）:isabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords.Word（词的定义）:Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage(2)asoundunity(3)aunitofmeaning(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentenceVocabulary（

2、词汇）:allthewordsinalanguagemakeupitsvocabularyThebasicwordstock（基本词汇）:isthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.Neologismsmeansnewly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenonnewmeanings.(email、microelectronics、futurology、AIDS、internet、freak

3、out)Contentwords/notionalwords(nouns、verbs、adjectives、adverbsandnumerals)Functionalwords/emptywords(Prepositions、conjunctions、auxiliariesandarticles)on、of、upon、butbeatheNativewords（本族语词）:knownasAnglo-Saxonwords(50,000-60,000),arewordsbroughttoBritaininthe5thcenturybytheGermanictribes.(mainstr

4、eamofthebasicword-stocks).Borrowedwords/Loanwords（外来语词）:wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguages.(80%ofmodernEV)TheEightGroupsinIndo-EuropeanFamilyofLanguages（8大印欧语群）TheEasternset:（1）TheBalto-slavicGroup：（2）TheIndo-IranianGroup:(3)TheArmenianGroup：Armenian.(4)TheAlbanianGroup：Albanian.TheWesternset

5、:(5)TheHellenicGroup：Greek;.(6)TheItalianGroup：(7)TheCelticGroup;(8)TheGermanicGroup：Terminology:Terminologyistechnicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareasasinmusic,symphony.Jargon:Jargonisthespecializedvocabulariesbywhichmembersofparticulararts,sciences,tradesandprofessionscommun

6、icateamongthemselvesasinbusiness,bottomlineforunavoidableresult.Slang:Slangisthesub-standardlanguage,whichseemstostandbetweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailabletoeveryoneandin-groupwordslikejargonandargot,eg.Doughandbreadmeansmoney.Argot:Argotisthejargonofcriminals.Onlythesu

7、b-culturalgroupsuseit,andoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit,eg,Persuadermeansdagger.dialectalwords:Dialectalwordsiswordsusedonlybyspeakersofthedialectinquestion,eg.BeautyinAustraliameansexcellent.Archaisms:Archaismsarewordsorformsthatwereonceinco