二语习得期末复习资料.docx

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1、Chapter1introducingsecondlanguageacquisition1.SLA:atermthatrefersbothtothestudyofindividualsandgroupswhoarelearningalanguagesubsequenttolearningtheirfirstoneasyoungchildren,andtotheprocessoflearningthatlanguage.2.Secondlanguage:anofficiallyorsocietallydominantlanguage(notL1)nee

2、dedforeducation,employmentorotherbasicpurposes3.InformalL2learning:SLAthattakesplaceinnaturalisticcontexts4.FormalL2learning:instructedlearningthattakesplaceinclassroom5.Linguisticcompetence:theunderlyingknowledgethataspeaker/hearerhaveofalanguage.Chomskydistinguishesthisformli

3、nguisticperformance.6.Linguisticperformance:theuseoflanguageknowledgeinactualproduction.7.Firstlanguage/nativelanguage/mothertongue(L1):thelanguageacquiredinchildhood8.Simultaneousmultilingualism:abilitytouseoneormorelanguagesthatwereauqiredduringearlychildhood.9.Sequentialmult

4、ilingualism:abilitytouseoneormorelanguagesthatwerelearnedafterL1hadalreadybeenestablished.1.WhatarethethreebasicquestionsinSLA?(1)WhatexactlydoestheL2learnercometoknow?(2)HowdoestheL2leaneracquirethisknowledge?(3)Whyaresomelearnersmoresuccessfulthanothers?2.Whytherearenosimplea

5、nswerstothesequestions?(P2)Chapter2foundationsofsecondlanguageacquisition1.Multilingualism:theabilitytousemorethanonelanguage.2.Bilingualism:theabilitytousetwolanguages.3.Monolingualism:theabilitytouseonlyonelanguage.4.Multilingualcompetence:“thecompoundstateofamindwithtwoormor

6、egrammars”5.Monolingualcompetence:knowledgeofonlyonelanguage.6.Learnerlanguage:alsocalledinterlanguagewhichreferstotheintermediatestatesorinterimgrammarsofleanerlanguageasitmovestowardthetargetL2.7.Positivetransfer:appropriateincorporation(合并，编入)ofanL1structureorruleinL2structu

7、re.8.Negativetransfer:inappropriateinfluenceofanL1structureorruleinL2use,alsocalledinterference.9.Fossilization:astablestateinSLAwherelearnersceasetheirinterlanguagedevelopmentbeforetheyreachtargetnormsdespitecontinuingL2inputandpassageoftime.10.Poverty-of-the-stimulus:theargum

8、entthatbecauselanguageinputtochildrenisimpoverished(穷尽