Bridge engineering handbook桥梁工程手册-49维修检查.pdf

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1、49MaintenanceInspectionandRating49.1Introduction49.2MaintenanceDocumentation49.3FundamentalsofBridgeInspectionQualificationsandResponsibilitiesofBridgeInspectors•FrequencyofInspection•ToolsforInspection•SafetyduringInspection•ReportsofInspection49.4In

2、spectionGuidelinesTimberMembers•ConcreteMembers•SteelandIronMembers•Fracture-CriticalMembers•Scour-CriticalBridges•UnderwaterComponents•Decks•JointSeals•Bearings49.5FundamentalsofBridgeRatingIntroduction•RatingPrinciples•RatingPhilosophies•LevelofRat

3、ings•StructuralFailureModes49.6SuperstructureRatingExamplesSimplySupportedTimberBridge•SimplySupportedT-BeamConcreteBridge•Two-SpanContinuousSteelGirderBridge•Two-SpanContinuousPrestressed,PrecastBoxBeamBridge•BridgesMurugesuVinayagamoorthywithoutPla

4、nsCaliforniaDepartmentofTransportation49.7PostingofBridges49.1IntroductionBeforethe1960s,littleemphasiswasgiventoinspectionandmaintenanceofbridgesintheUnitedStates.Afterthe1967tragiccollapseoftheSilverBridgeatPointPleasantinWestVirginia,nationalinter

5、estintheinspectionandmaintenanceroseconsiderably.TheU.S.CongresspassedtheFederalHighwayActof1968whichresultedintheestablishmentoftheNationalBridgeInspectionStandard(NBIS).TheNBISsetsthenationalpolicyregardingbridgeinspectionprocedure,inspectionfre-qu

6、ency,inspectorqualifications,reportingformat,andratingprocedures.Inadditiontotheestab-lishmentofNBIS,threemanuals—FHWABridgeInspector’sTrainingManual70[1],AASHOManualforMaintenanceInspectionofBridges[2],andFHWARecordingandCodingGuidefortheStructureInv

7、entoryandAppraisaloftheNation’sBridges[3]—havebeendevelopedand©2000byCRCPressLLCupdated[4–10]sincethe1970s.ThesemanualsalongwiththeNBISprovidedefinitiveguidelinesforbridgeinspection.Overthepastthreedecades,thebridgeinspectionprogramevolvedintooneofthe

8、most-sophisticatedbridgemanagementsystems.Thischapterwillfocusonlyonthebasic,fundamentalrequirementsformaintenanceinspectionandrating.49.2MaintenanceDocumentationEachbridgedocumentneedstohaveitemssuchasstructureinformation,structuraldataandhistory,de