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1、生态环境ECOLOGICALENVIRONMENT我国生态补偿主客体界定与标准核算方法分析122杨丽韫甄霖吴松涛(1.北京科技大学生态工程系,北京100083;2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101)摘要:通过分析已有的生态补偿研究的具体实例,探讨生态补偿主客体的界定和生态补偿标准的核算方法,为进一步开展实质性的生态补偿研究提供科学依据。在界定生态补偿主客体概念内涵的基础上,强调生态补偿主客体的界定应根据利益相关者在特定生态保护、破坏事件中的责任和地位加以确定。文章将我国的生态补偿的客体归纳为四类,即为生态保护做出贡献者、生态破坏的受损者、生态治理过程中的受害
2、者和减少生态破坏者。根据利益相关方分析,所涉及的生态补偿主体范围较广,目前在我国生态补偿具体实施过程中,生态补偿的主体主要是各级政府。研究表明,目前有关生态补偿的核算方法主要有按生态系统服务的价值、按生态保护者的直接投入和机会成本、按生态破坏恢复或修复成本、按支付意愿和受偿意愿,以及基于生态足迹确定生态补偿标准等。在实践中,应在充分考虑生态系统的特征和地区特点的基础上,选取适宜、综合的方法,以便构建兼顾各利益相关方的补偿机制。关键词:生态补偿;主客体界定;标准核算方法中图分类号:X22;F205文献标识码:AAnAnalysisofIdentificationofProvi
3、derandReceiverforEco-compensationandMethodsofCompensationStandardCalculationinChina122YANGLiyun,ZHENLin,WUSongtao(1.DepartmentofEcologicalScienceandEngineering,USTB,Beijing100083,China;2.InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China)Abstract:Accordingtoth
4、eexistingeco-compensationcasestudies,thispaperanalysesidentificationofproviderandreceiverforeco-compensationandmethodsofcompensationstandardcalculation,andwhichwouldprovidethescientificfoundationforfurthersubstantialstudiesoneco-compensationmechanism.Accordingtothedefinitiontheproviderandr
5、eceiverforeco-compensation,thisstudyforcesonidentificationofproviderandreceiverbasedonaninterestedpartyresponsibilityinspecificecologicalprotectanddamageinstances.Theeco-compensationreceiverwouldbedividedintofourtypes,viz.thecontributorsforprotectingeco2system,thelosersasaresultofecologica
6、ldamage,thecasualtiesbecauseofecologicalrestoration,andthedestroyersduetode2creaseecologicaldamage.Accordingtheinterestedparty,theeco-compensationprovidercoverswidearea,whichleadtothemainprovideristhegovernmentdepartmentsatalllevelsatpresent.Thestudyindicatesthatthemethodsofeco-compensatio
7、nstandardcalculationincludeinecologicalvalue,inecologicalprotectoraldirectinvestmentandopportunitycost,inecologicalresto2rationcost,inpaywillingnessandacceptwillingness,andinecologicalfoot-print.Inpractice,inordertoestablisheco-com2pensationmechanismcateredtov
