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1、1.DiscussFrederickTaylor’sworkinscientificmanagement.Next,listTaylor’sfourprinciplesofmanagement.①Developascienceforeachelementofanindividual’sworktoreplacetheoldrule-ofthumbmethod②scientificallyselectandthentrain,teachanddeveloptheworker.③heartilycooperatewithworkerssoastoensurethatallwo
2、rkisdoneinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofthesciencethathasbeendeveloped.2.Inashortessay,describewhatismeantbythespecificandgeneralenvironmentswithinwhichorganizationsoperate.Thespecificenvironmentincludesexternalforcesthatdirectlyimpactmanagers’decisionsandactionsandaredirectlyrelevanttothe
3、achievementoftheorganization’sgoals.Themainforcesthatmakeupthespecificenvironmentarecustomers,suppliers,competitionsandpressuregroups.Thegeneralenvironmentincludesthebroadeconomic,political/legal,sociocultural,demographic,technologicalandglobalconditionsthataffectanorganization.3.Inashort
4、essay,defineorganizationalculture,identifyanddefinethesevendimensionsthatmakeupanorganization'sculture.Organizationalculturehasbeendescribedasthesharedvalues,principles,traditions,andwaysofdoingthingsthatinfluencethewayorganizationalmembersact.First,cultureisaperception.(It’snotsomethingt
5、hatcanbephysicallytouchedorseen,butemployeesperceiveitonthebasisofwhattheyexperiencewithintheorganization.)Second,organizationalcultureisdescriptive.(It’sconcernedwithhowmembersperceivetheculture,notwithwhethertheylikeit.Finally,eventhoughindividualsmayhavedifferentbackgroundsorworkatdiff
6、erentorganizationallevels,theytendtodescribetheorganization’scultureinsimilarterms.That’sthesharedaspectofculture.)①Attentiontodetail②OutcomeOrientation③PeopleOrientation④TeamOrientation⑤Aggressiveness⑥Stability⑦InnovationandRiskTaking4.Inashortessay,discussboundedrationalityandsatisficin
7、g.Boundedrationalitywhichsaysthatmanagersmakedecisionsrationallybutarelimitedbytheirabilitytoprocessinformation.Then,itaboutsatisficing.Becausethemanagerscannotpossiblyanalyzeallinformationonallalternatives,theysatisficeratherthanmaximize.Thatis,theyacceptthesolutio
