英汉句式差异.ppt

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1、英汉句式差异I.英语语言特点：树形结构从两种语言的句子结构来分析，不少语言学家都注意到，英语的造句犹如树形结构，先有主干（主谓句），然后利用各种时态关系以及关系代词，介词和连词等把短语、从句往这个主干上挂，句子呈空间发展，形成大树。BecauseofthisEnglishbackgroundofcivilconflict,English-speakingAmerica,wheretherewerenoreligiouswar,isoftendescribedasalandofrefugetowhichmenandwomencameinordertoenjoytherel

2、igiousandpoliticalfreedomwhichwasdeniedthemintheirhomeland.在Americaisoftendescribedasalandofrefuge这个主干上，生出这么多的短句，从句的树枝。而汉语就没有那么丰富的关系代词、关系副词和时态的优势，句子结构只能呈竹竿型，按时间顺序一句一句直线前进：英国国内内战不断。在这种背景下，美洲就成了人们描述的流亡的乐土。因为美洲没有宗教战争，又是讲英语的。人们来到这里追求宗教和政治自由。而这些自由在他们国家里是得不到的。(1a)NankingissituatedamidstoneofCh

3、ina’smostsplendidnaturalsettings.ItsitsinabasinformedbytheYangtzeRiverontheNorthandtheTsechenMountainsontheotherside.(1b)NankingsitsamidstoneofChina’smostsplendidnaturalsettings,inabasinsurroundedbytheYangtzeRiverontheNorthandtheTsechenMountainsontheotherside.两个平行句变成了一句，压缩了12%。(2a)Beijin

4、gzooliesinwesternsuburbnearmyhome.ItisthebiggestzooinChina.TheBeijingzooattractsalotofpeopleespeciallychildren.(2b)ThebiggestzooinChina,Beijingzoo,inthewesternsuburbnearmyhome,attractsmanypeopleeveryday,especiallychildren.三个平行句变成了一句，压缩了29%。Exercise:(3a)Thereisabeautifulparknearmyhouse.Th

5、enameoftheparkisTian-TanPark,whichwasbuiltseveralhundredyearsago.ItisthebiggestparkinBeijing.TheTian-TanParkisfamousnotonlyforitsbeautybutitsquietnessaswell.(4a)Thepressureofcompetitionismounting.Theexpectationoftheirparentsishigh.Somanystudentshavetodrivethemselveshard.(5a)Therearemanya

6、dvantagesofTVeducationalprograms.Oneofthemisthatthereisnolimittothenumberofviewers.TVviewerscanlearndifferentsubjects.BecausethesubjectsrangedfromEnglishtolaw.Key(3b)NearmyhousestandTian-Tan,thebiggestparkinBeijing,builtseveralhundredyearsagoandfamousnowfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsquiet

7、ness.(4b)Withthemountingpressureofcompetitioncoupledwiththehighexpectationoftheirparents,manystudentshavetodrivethemselveshard.(5b)OneoftheadvantagesoftheTVeducationalprogramsisthatthereisnolimittothenumberofviewerswhomaylearndifferentsubjectsrangingfromEnglishtolaw.II.英汉