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1、AnAnalysisontheIcebergTheoryUsedin“HillsLikeWhiteEelephants”abstract：“hillslikewhiteelephants”isoneofernesthemingway’sfamousshortstorieswithaperfectmanifestationofhisicebergtheory.thisessaywilldealwiththecharacteristicsandeffectsoftheicebergtheorybasedontheanaysisontheusageofth
2、etheoryintheshortstory.keywords:icebergtheory,directpresentation,originalcontext“hillslikewhiteelephants”mainlypresentsaconversationbetweenanamericanmanandagirlcalledjigatatrainstationintheebrovalleyofspain.theconversationseemsmundaneatfirstbutlaterdriftstothesubjectofabortiont
3、heamericanmaniseagertoconvincethegirltoundergo.however,thewholepassagedoesn’tmentionthewordabortiondirectlybutsimplyimpliesitwithobscureinformation——“it’sreallyanawfullysimpleoperation.it’snotreallyanoperationatall.”“it’sreallynotanything.it’sjustlettheairin.”similarobscurityap
4、pearswhenjigdescribesthemountainsaswhiteelephants.whyinjig’seyesthemountainsarelikewhiteelephants?thereisn’tanyclueinthestoryshowingtheexplanationforit.what’smore,theendingseemsquitestrangeandincomplete.“doyoufeelbetter?”“ifeelfine.thereisnothingwrongwithme.ifeelfine.”doesjigag
5、reetohavetheabortion?whatonearthwillhappentothem?it’sallsovagueandmysterious,whicharethemostimportantcharacteristicofhemingway’sicebergtheory.accordingtothedefinitioninwikipedia,icebergtheorymeans“themeaningofapieceisnotimmediatelyevident,becausethecruxofthestoryliesbelowthesur
6、face,justasmostofthemassofarealicebergsimilarlyliesbeneaththesurface.”whattheauthorwritesoutisonlyone-eighthofthewriting,theremainingpart,whichisthecentralideaofthepassage,islefttothereaderstoimagineandfeel.justaswecanseein“hillslikewhiteelephants”,theauthordoesn’tpointoutanyth
7、ingdirectlybutpresentstheconversationemotionlessly,likeacameramansimplyphotographingwhathesees.sowhydoesthewriteradoptsuchakindofwritingstyleasifhehadnothingtodowiththestory?thisuniquestyleofwritingcreatesa“distance”(benson345)betweenhimselfandthecharacter,he“becomesmorepractic
8、ed,itwouldseem”(benson358),whichmakesthewholepassagead
