Languageacquisition语言获得与习得.ppt

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1、LanguageAcquisition语言语言观察语言研究语言学理论语言学应用语言学结构语言学生成语言学功能语言学语音学词汇学语义学语法学社会语言学文化语言学语言教学计算语言学病理语言学心理语言学交际语言学法律语言学地理语言学广告语言学词义学词源学语汇学……句法学形态学词法学……人类语言学语言风格学社会语言学人名学地名学儿童语言学传播语言学对外汉语教学语言学学科体系语言习得Overview1.Introductionachild’sacquisitionofhismothertongueHowdoesthechildcom

2、estounderstandandspeakthelanguageofhiscommunity?Howislanguagelearned?tobetterunderstandthenatureofhumanlanguagedevelopmentalprocessIntheacquisitionofmothertongues,despiteofacertainindividualdifferences,allnormalchildren,broughtupwithappropriatemothertongueinputina

3、ppropriatelinguisticcontext,cansuccessfullyacquiretheirmothertonguesandthestagestheyexperienceinthemothertongueacquisitionaresimilar.Languageacquisitionisprimarilytheacquisitionofthegrammaticalsystem.Noonecanstoreallthewordsandexpressionsinhismind.Achildusuallycon

4、structshisgrammaticalrulesbylisteningtothelinguisticinputthatsurroundshimandspeaksaccordingtohisownconstructedgrammar.Withouttheseproductiverules,alanguageuserwouldbeunabletoproduceandunderstoodanunlimitednumberofsentenceswhichhehasneverheardorusedbefore.Languagea

5、cquisitionismainlytheacquisitionofgrammaticalrules.Thisdoesnotmeanthatitistheacquisitionofeachspecificrule.Whatachildhasacquiredisalimitednumberofhighlyabstractandgeneralprinciples,ignoringtheirregularcases.Eg:Achildmayadd“-s”totheendofanountoformthepluralform,whe

6、therthenounisregularorirregular.Therefore,themistakesthatachildmakesaresystematicandpredictable.2.TheoriesofChildLAAbehavioristviewimitationandhabitformationAninnatistviewlanguageacquisitiondevice-UGAninteractionistviewInterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthec

7、hildandtheenvironmentBehavioristsview–theroutineaspectsTheinnatist–children’sacquiringcomplexsystemTheinteractionist–howchildrenlearnandusethelanguageappropriatelyintheenvironment.3.CognitiveDevelopmentinChildLanguageDevelopmentCognitivedevelopmentrelatestolanguag

8、eacquisitionintwoways:LanguagedevelopmentisdependentonboththeconceptschildrenformabouttheworldandwhattheyfeelstimulatedThecognitivefactorsdeterminehowth