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1、IronyIrony讽刺:(反语）Itisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.No.3:Whatabouttheswitchbladetheyfoundintheoldguy’schest,theknifethisfineuprightboyadmittedbuyingonthenightofthekilling.(5—65)这个好孩子已经承认这把刀是他在案发
2、当晚买的。NO.9:Ithinkthepointismade.(86)NO.10:Bigpoint.(87)很大的一个问题。Ifoneallowedoneselftobesurprisedatanything,howeverinsignificant,one’swholelifewouldconsistofaseriesoftrivialastonishments.（7—8）克劳德先生用“无关紧要”和“微不足道”来贬低哈里比，利伯斯特。“Gentlemen,youcan'tfightinhere!ThisistheWarRoom." (PeterSellersasPresiden
3、tMerkinMuffleyinDr.Strangelove,1964)OTHEREXAMPLESSimileSimile比喻：Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Forexample
4、s:It’sliketalkingtoadeadphone.(5—99)这好像是对牛弹琴。Courageistolifewhatbrothistosoup.(8—18)勇气之于生活就好比肉汁之于羹汤。He’sasslipperyasaneel.Hyperbole(exaggeration)Hyperbole（exaggeration）夸张:Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance,I‘veseenallkindsofdishonestyinmyday,butthis
5、littledisplaytakesthecake.(6—43)我一生中见过各种各样的骗术，但这种骗术可以算作登峰造极。Healmostdiedlaughing.他几乎要笑死了。Euphemism委婉语:Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,Idon’tknowaboutthat.Surely,surelymydearsir…(7-7)表示对他人刚说的观点不完全同意。委婉表达。Abraham
6、Lincolnpassedaway.reversalWhatsurprisedmeisthatyouweren’tsurprisedwhenIthrewmysuitcaseoutofthewindow.(7-5)是我惊奇的是，当我把手提箱扔出窗外你却没有吃惊。Antithesis对仗:Itisthedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasis.Forexample,Speechissilver;silenceisgolden.Thoroughlyli
7、vingliferequiresinitiative，risk-taking,sustainedactionagainstodds,sacrificingforidealsandforothers,leapsoffaith.(8-17)充满活力的生活需要主动性，需要冒险，需要与困境不懈抗争，需要为理想他人勇于牺牲，需要坚定信仰。Pleasureisanevent,happinessisaprocess.Pleasureisanendpoint,happinessisthejour
