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1、J.gen.Virol.(1988),69,2939-2952.PrintedinGreatBritain2939Keywords:coronaviruses/genomeexpression/proteinstructureREVIEWARTICLECoronaviruses:StructureandGenomeExpressionByW.SPAAN,1.D.CAVANAGH:ANDM.C.HORZINEK11InstituteofVirology,VeterinaryFaculty,StateUniversityofUtrecht,Yalelaan1,3
2、508TDUtrecht,TheNetherlandsand2AFRCInstituteforAnimalHealth,HoughtonLaboratory,Huntingdon,CambridgeshirePE172DA,U.K.INTRODUCTIONProgressincoronavirologyisillustratedbythenumberofworkshopsconvenedandreviewswritten.InternationalmeetingshavebeenheldinGermany(1980),theNetherlands(1983)
3、andtheU.S.A.(1986),andtheFourthCoronavirusSymposiumwillbeorganizedbyoneofus(D.C.)inCambridge,U.K.inJuly1989.Inaddition,reviewshaveappearedwhichhighlightedparticularlyinterestingcharacteristicsofthefamily,e.g.thereplicationstrategy(Lai,1986)andtheglycoproteins(Sturman&Holmes,1985).A
4、sthelastgeneralaccountswerepublishedsome5yearsago(Siddelletal.,1983;Sturman&Holmes,1983)anupdateistimely.Thepresentarticleisbasedonthelargeamountofsequencedataaccumulatedintheseyearsandfocusesontheviralnucleicacidsandproteinsandtheirfunction.Coronavirusescauseinfectionsinman,otherm
5、ammalsandbirds.Mostexperimentaldatahavebeenobtainedfromstudiesofmousehepatitisvirus(MHV)andinfectiousbronchitisvirusofchickens(IBV).Additionalrepresentativesofthefamilyreviewedinthisarticlearethehuman(HCV)andbovine(BCV)coronaviruses,transmissiblegastroenteritisvirus(TGEV),haemagglu
6、tinatingencephalitisvirus(HEV)andfelineinfectiousperitonitisvirus(FIPV).VIRIONPROTEINSCoronavirusespossessthreemajorstructuralproteins:anucleocapsidprotein(N),asmallintegralmembraneglycoprotein(M,E1)andalargespikeglycoprotein(S,E2);forthesakeofuniformityweusethelettersN,MandSinthis
7、review.Whileallcoronavirusescontainstheseproteins,asubset(HEV,HCV-OC43andBCV)isnowrecognizedtopossessanadditionalglycopolypeptide(gp65),whichisunrelatedtoSorM.NproteinThenumberofaminoacidsintheNproteinhasbeendeterminedbycloningandsequencingforMHVstrainsA59(Armstrongetal.,1983)andJH
8、M(Skinner&Siddell,1983),IB
