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《英语语言学Linguistics 第一章Chapter1 导论Introduction.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、导论Introduction赵文IvanWhatisLinguistics?Whatislanguage?•Definition•Definition•Development•Designfeatures•Scope•Functions•ImportantDisctinctionsWhatislanguage?•Definition•Designfeatures•Functions?WhatisLanguageLanguagecanbegenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvo
2、calsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.（P.7)Systematic系统rule-governed,elementsoflanguagearecombinedaccordingtorules（P.7),语言是一个体系，受规则制约e.g.*bkli,*Beenhewoundedhas.Arbitrary任意nointrinsicconnectionbetweenalinguisticsymbolandwhatitstandsfor（P.8),语言符号与其所表示的意义间无必然的逻辑
3、关系e.g.“pen”byanyothernameisthethingweusetowritewith.Why"pen"or"笔"then?Symbolic符号/象征wordsareassociatedwithobjects,actions,ideas,etc.byconvention（P.8),符号意义约定俗称“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”—Shakespeare“观音”曾叫“观世音”Vocal有声theprimarymediumissoundforalllang
4、uages;writingsystemcamemuchlaterthanspokenform(P.8)本质上是个有声体系Human-specific"人类的"differentfromthecommunicationsystemsotherformsoflifepossess,e.g.birdsongs,beedance,animalcries(P.8)语言是人类的特有属性正如伯兰特·罗素（BertrandRussell）曾经说过的那样：“不管一只狗可以多么流利地吠叫，它无法告诉你它的父母贫穷但又诚实。”“侬今
5、葬花人笑痴他年葬侬知是谁”Whywecommunicate?Communication交际不仅指人与人的思想交流，也包括感情交流等，包括交际者通过语言相互影响思想交流？感情交流？一定是在相互影响!DesignFeaturesDesignfeaturesoflanguage语言识别特征thedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication(P.8)DesignFeaturesofLanguage
6、•Arbitrariness•Productivity/Creativity•Duality•Displacement•CulturaltransmissionArbitrariness任意性AccordingtoSaussure,thereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.(P.8)意义与表示意义的语音间不存在逻辑关系“水”和“窝头”/ris/to/rais/Anyelementsoflanguagenotarbitrary?Arbitrariness
7、任意性Onomatopoeicwords(whichimitatenaturalsounds)aresomewhatmotivated理据(English:rumble,crackle,bang,….Chinese:putong,shasha,dingdang…)Somecompoundwordsarenotentirelyarbitrary,e.g.type-writer,shoe-maker,air-conditioner,photocopy…Productivity/Creativity创造性Unique
8、tohumanlanguages,itmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.(P.9)languageuserscanunderstandandproducesentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore.语言使用者可建构并理解无限多的句子，这些句子之前可能闻所未闻。e
