曼昆《经济学原理》11 open_economy--(汉魅HanMei—经.ppt

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1、11THEMACROECONOMICSOFOPENECONOMIES31Open-EconomyMacroeconomics:BasicConceptsOpen-EconomyMacroeconomics:BasicConceptsOpenandClosedEconomiesAclosedeconomyisonethatdoesnotinteractwithothereconomiesintheworld.Therearenoexports,noimports,andnocapitalflows.Anopene

2、conomyisonethatinteractsfreelywithothereconomiesaroundtheworld.Open-EconomyMacroeconomics:BasicConceptsAnOpenEconomyAnopeneconomyinteractswithothercountriesintwoways.Itbuysandsellsgoodsandservicesinworldproductmarkets.Itbuysandsellscapitalassetsinworldfinanc

3、ialmarkets.THEINTERNATIONALFLOWOFGOODSANDCAPITALAnOpenEconomyTheUnitedStatesisaverylargeandopeneconomy—itimportsandexportshugequantitiesofgoodsandservices.Overthepastfourdecades,internationaltradeandfinancehavebecomeincreasinglyimportant.TheFlowofGoods:Expor

4、ts,Imports,NetExportsExportsaregoodsandservicesthatareproduceddomesticallyandsoldabroad.Importsaregoodsandservicesthatareproducedabroadandsolddomestically.TheFlowofGoods:Exports,Imports,NetExportsNetexports(NX)arethevalueofanation’sexportsminusthevalueofitsi

5、mports.Netexportsarealsocalledthetradebalance.TheFlowofGoods:Exports,Imports,NetExportsAtradedeficitisasituationinwhichnetexports(NX)arenegative.Imports>ExportsAtradesurplusisasituationinwhichnetexports(NX)arepositive.Exports>ImportsBalancedtradereferstowhen

6、netexportsarezero—exportsandimportsareexactlyequal.TheFlowofGoods:Exports,Imports,NetExportsFactorsThatAffectNetExportsThetastesofconsumersfordomesticandforeigngoods.Thepricesofgoodsathomeandabroad.Theexchangeratesatwhichpeoplecanusedomesticcurrencytobuyfore

7、igncurrencies.TheFlowofGoods:Exports,Imports,NetExportsFactorsThatAffectNetExportsTheincomesofconsumersathomeandabroad.Thecostsoftransportinggoodsfromcountrytocountry.Thepoliciesofthegovernmenttowardinternationaltrade.Figure1TheInternationalizationoftheU.S.E

8、conomyPercentofGDP05101519501955196019651970197519801990198520001995ExportsImportsCopyright©2004South-WesternTheFlowofFinancialResources:NetCapitalOutflowNetcapitaloutflowreferstothepurchaseoffo