曼昆《经济学原理》3 interdependence--(汉魅HanMei—.ppt

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1、3InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeConsideryourtypicalday:YouwakeuptoanalarmclockmadeinKorea.YoupouryourselforangejuicemadefromFloridaorangesandcoffeefrombeansgrowninBrazil.YouputonsomeclothesmadeofcottongrowninGeorgiaandsewninfactoriesinThailand.Youwatchthemor

2、ningnewsbroadcastfromNewYorkonyourTVmadeinJapan.Youdrivetoclassinacarmadeofpartsmanufacturedinahalf-dozendifferentcountries....andyouhaven’tbeenupformorethantwohoursyet!InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeRemember,economicsisthestudyofhowsocietiesproduceanddistri

3、butegoodsinanattempttosatisfythewantsandneedsofitsmembers.InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeHowdowesatisfyourwantsandneedsinaglobaleconomy?Wecanbeeconomicallyself-sufficient.Wecanspecializeandtradewithothers,leadingtoeconomicinterdependence.Interdependenceand

4、theGainsfromTradeIndividualsandnationsrelyonspecializedproductionandexchangeasawaytoaddressproblemscausedbyscarcity.Butthisgivesrisetotwoquestions:Whyisinterdependencethenorm?Whatdeterminesproductionandtrade?InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeWhyisinterdependenc

5、ethenorm?Interdependenceoccursbecausepeoplearebetteroffwhentheyspecializeandtradewithothers.Whatdeterminesthepatternofproductionandtrade?Patternsofproductionandtradearebasedupondifferencesinopportunitycosts.APARABLEFORTHEMODERNECONOMYImagine...onlytwogoods:potat

6、oesandmeatonlytwopeople:apotatofarmerandacattlerancherWhatshouldeachproduce?Whyshouldtheytrade?Table1TheProductionOpportunitiesoftheFarmerandRancherCopyright©2004South-WesternProductionPossibilitiesSelf-SufficiencyByignoringeachother:Eachconsumeswhattheyeachprod

7、uce.Theproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisalsotheconsumptionpossibilitiesfrontier.Withouttrade,economicgainsarediminished.Figure1TheProductionPossibilitiesCurvePotatoes(ounces)416832A0Meat(ounces)(a)TheFarmer’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontierIfthereisnotrade,thefar

8、merchoosesthisproductionandconsumption.Copyright©2003Southwestern/ThomsonLearningFigure1TheProductionPossibilitiesCurveCopyright©2003Southwestern/ThomsonLearningPotat