朱柏铭制作全套配套课件公共经济学理论与应用16.ppt

《朱柏铭制作全套配套课件公共经济学理论与应用16.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、PublicenterprisesI.Conceptandnatureofpublicenterprises1.ConceptofpublicenterprisesPublicenterprises,alsocalledpublic-operatedenterprises,refertoeconomicentitiesowningthestatusofcorporateentitywhoseownershipsorcontrollingrightsbelongtothegovernmentandaredirectlycontrolledbyit.Factorsofthecon

2、cept:(1)It’saeconomicentityengaginginproductionandsalesofproductswhichprimarilyreliesonthemarkettocompensateforcosts.(2)It’saenterpriseownedbythegovernmentorthegovernmentownsthemajorityofthestock.(3)It’sstrictlycontrolledbythegovernmentwhousuallyappointstopmanagerstocontrolenterprise’sdecis

3、ion-makingprocesses.Publicenterprisesaremainlydistributedintwofieldsfromthepracticalview:Oneisthenon-rivalfield,suchasnaturalmonopolisticindustriesandmaterialreserveenterprises;Theotherispartofbasicindustriesandinfrastructuralfield,suchasmineexploitationandtrafficconstruction.2.Natureofpubl

4、icenterprises(1)PublicconceptThecharacteristicsofpublicenterprises’propertyrightsmakethemdifferentfromprivateenterprisesasthemixtureofgovernmentadministrationandenterprisemanagementbeingoneofthecharacteristics.(2)EnterpriseconceptPublicenterprisesownthestatusofcorporateentitythesameasprivat

5、eenterprises.II.LowefficiencyofpublicenterprisesGenerallyspeaking,publicenterpriseshaveLowefficiency.Themainreasons:1.FlawsofgovernancestructureInternalflawsofcorporategovernancestructureinducedbytheobscurityofpropertyrightsareessentialreasonsforlowefficiency.Propertyrightsofprivateenterpri

6、seshaveeffectiveincentiveandrestraintmechanismswhileincentiveandrestraintmechanismsofpublicenterprisesbothhaveflaws.2.BudgetaryrestraintsofteningBudgetaryrestraintofenterprisereferstotherestrictivepowerexertedbythefinancialprincipleofincomeagainstexpenditureoneconomicbehaviorsofenterprises.

7、Budgetaryrestraintofpublicenterprisesaresoftened.Enterpriseswillaskthegovernmenttoallowariseinproductprices,toprovidesubsidiesfordeficits,tolightentaxburden,topermitthedefermentofrepayingloansandsoonwhenincomecan’tcompensateforexpenditure.3.Diversityofex