朱柏铭制作全套配套课件公共经济学理论与应用2.ppt

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1、EconomicfunctionofpublicsectorI.Participationinresourceallocation1.Aimforresourceallocation:efficiencyPareto-optimumstateTSB－TSC>0MSB=MSC2.Reasonsforparticipatinginresourceallocation--PublicgoodsTheessentialcharacteristicsofpublicgoods(non-rivalnessandnon-ex

2、cludability)decideprivatesector’sunwillingtoprovidethem.--ExternalityExternalityreferstocostsorbenefitssomeone’sbehaviorbringstootherswhicharen’treflectedintransactionprices.--IncreasingreturnstoscaleIncreasingreturnstoscalereferstothestatethattheproportiono

3、ftheoutputgrowthexceedsthatoftheinputgrowthundertheestablishedtechnicallevel.3.Waysofparticipationinresourceallocation--Providedirectlypurepubicgoodssuchasnationaldefense,diplomacyandpublicsecurity;--Cooperatewithprivatesectortoprovidequasi-publicgoods.--Lev

4、ytaxestointernalizeMEC.--SupportwithsubsidiestointernalizeMEB.--Andimplementgovernmentregulations.II.Adjustmentofincomedistribution1.Aimforincomedistribution:equityIncludingequityofstartingpoint,equityofprocessandequityofoutcome2.Reasonsforadjustingincomedis

5、tribution--Differencesoffactors’qualitiesandquantitiesDeterminedbyfactorssuchasprivatepropertysystem,inheritancesystem,familyoriginbackground,bodydevelopmentstatusandeducationallevel--OpportunityinequalityoffactorsupplyDeterminedbyfactorssuchasdiscrimination

6、3.Meansofincomedistributionadjustment--Levyindividualincometax,excisetaxandinheritancetax;--Arrangesocialinsuranceexpenditures,socialreliefexpendituresandsocialwelfareexpenditures;--Increasepublicinvestmentstocreatemoreeducationopportunitiesandemploymentoppo

7、rtunities;--Andenactlawsandregulations.III.Promotionofeconomicstabilization1.MeaningofeconomicstabilizationEconomicgrowthwithrelativelylowunemploymentlevelandinflationlevel2.ReasonsforpromotingeconomicstabilizationRelyingontheadjustmentofmarketmechanismitsel

8、f,themacroeconomicoperationissurelytoshowaperiodic-fluctuationstate3.MeansofPromotingeconomicstabilization--Fiscalpolicies,thatistochangepublicexpendituresandtaxes--Monetarypolicies,thatistochan