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1、商务契约关系reportiixdIntroduction:Anagentisalegalperson(eitheranindividualoracompany)whoactsonbehalfofanother,whoisknownasa'principal'•Thecontractualrelationshipknowasagencyisonewheretheagentactsfortheprincipaltobringtheprincipalintoalegalrelationsipwithathirdparty.1.Describethe
2、differentcategoriesofagentintermsoftheirabi1itytocontract.Therearetwomaincategoriesofagents:a)Anagenywhoisgivenalargeareaofauthoritytoactonbehalfofprincipalingennalalbusinessortrademattersisknownasagenalalagent(forexampleacompanydirector,partner,orsolicitor);b)Anagentwhoisg
3、ivenspecificauthority(i.e.specificinstructionsforaspecificpurpose),forexampleatravelagentorinsutanceagent,isknownasaspecialagent.InthecasestudyJaneBlackisaspecialagent,andaspecialagentisgivenonlyanarrowsliceoflegalauthority,typicallyinadefinedsubjectmatter.Forexample,itisco
4、mmonforaprincipaltoauthorizealimitedfinancialagentoraspecialmedicalagent.AndJaneBlackhasacontractwhichgivesherauthority,fromheremployer,toactontheirbehalfforthepurchaseofallladiesfashionranges・2.Explainhowtherelationshipofagencycanbeformed.Bothpartiestoacontractofagencymust
5、havelegalcapacityandmustalsoexist.Arelationshipofagencymaybeconstirutedinthefollowingwayswhichwillbediscussedinturn:A)AgencycreatedbyexpressappointmetIncommonwithotertypesofcontract,anagencycanbecreatedexpressly-eitherinwritingororal1y.Examplesoftypesofexpresswrittenappoint
6、mentwouldineludepartncrshipagreements,powersofattorney,andanymandates.Althoughagencyneednotbeconstitutedinwriting,underthoCommercialAgents(CouncilDirective)Regulations1993,Regulation13,commercialagentsandprincipalsareentitledtoobtainfromeachotherastatementofthetermsonwhicht
7、heywi11dobusinesstogether.A)Agencycreatedbyimp1iedappointmentThisoccurswhentherehasbeennoexpressordeliberateappointmentofanagentbyaprincipal,butanagencyrelationshiparisesthroughtheactionsoftheparties.Employeesinseniorpositinsareusuallyregardedasagentsforanorganisation・Forex
8、ample,inthecaseofNevillevC&AModesLtd(1945)ashopmanagerwasheldtobeanagent.Itcanalso
