状语从句的讲解最全的状语从句讲解.doc

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状语从句的讲解就是用一句话作状语分为：时间，地点，方式，原因，结果，条件，让步，目的，比较一、时间状语从句第一次见到你一见到你我就喜欢上了你直到见到你五岁时见到你When,as,while,before,after,since,till/until,assoonasnosooner…than…scarcely…when…hardly…when…theminutethesecondtheinstantthemomentbythetime截止immediatelyinstantlydirectlyeachtimeeverytimenexttimethefirsttimeondoingsthwhenwhile当…时as1.when1）当…时/延续性动词短暂性动词都可用2）这时/3）届时、到时IwaswatchingTVwhenmycellphonesuddenlyrang这时WhenIwasfiveyearsoldIcouldspeakfivelanguagesThewetweatherwillcontinuetommorowwhenacoldfrontisexpectedtoarrive届时到时注意：时间状语从句中动作发生有前后时先发生的用过去完成时WhenmymothercamebackIhadalreadygonetobed.2.while1）从句动词延续性2）同时发生3）对比的意味“然而”4）趁着Hetaughthimselfwhileheworkedinabank延续性动词当他在银行上班时Whilewewereworkingtheywerehavingarest.对比Whiletheywerehavingadiscussion,theygotveryconfused.同时Iwantthegirlstoexperiencethatwhiletheyareyoung趁着她们还年轻我想让姑娘们体验一下对比：Ipreferblacktea,whilehelikescoffee3.As1)当…时2）一边...一边3)随着Asthechildrenwalkedalongthestreet,theysanghappily.当孩子们Hesangashedanced一边一边Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder随着4.before1）在…前2）前加一段时间直到…才…3)还没来得及4)要过…时间才I’llbebackbeforeyouleaveItmaybemanyyearsbeforewemeetagain可能要过很多年我们才能见面 ThestudentsrushedoutsidebeforeIcouldfinishedmyword还没等我讲完ItwillbethreeweeksbeforehefinishedhisworkItwon’tbelongbeforehefinishedhiswork.用不了多久5.afterAftermyfriendgotmarried,shewenttoliveinAmerica6.since自从主句一般为现在完成时We’venevermetsincewegraduatedfromthecollegeGreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft7.till/untill肯定句中可互换直到…为止否定句中只用not…until…直到…才Notuntil放句首句子部分倒装（倒装主句）Donaldwillremainincollegeuntil/tillhefinishedhisPhDcourseDonaldwon’tleavecollegeuntilhefinishedhisPhDcourseIwon’tgowithyouuntilIfinishedmyhomeworkNotuntilmymothercamebackdidIgotobed8.assoonasIgavethealarmassoonasIsawthesmoke.一看见冒烟就发出警报Hewillbesetfreeassoonasthefineispaid9.theminuteThesecondTheinstant瞬间片刻立即的立刻的素食的ThemomentTheminutewegothome,thetelephonerang10.nosooner…than…Scarcely…when…Hardly…when…Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.ThefanshadhardlyseenthemoviestarwhentheycriedThefanshadscarcelyseenthemoviestarwhentheycried注意：他们提前句子部分倒装NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorainScarcelyhadthefansseenthemoviestarwhentheycried11.名词引导的时间状语从句ThefirsttimeIsawyouImistookyouforafilmstarNexttimeIseeyouIwilltellyouthetruthEverytime/eachtimeIseethispictureIthinkofmyhometown.12.On+doing一…就…Onarrivinghome,hediscoveredtheyhadgone一到家发现他们已经走了13.immediatelyinstantlydirectlyImmediatelyshehadgone,Irememberedhername.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字14.bythetime1)从句是一般现在时主句用将来完成时2）从句是一般过去时主句用过去完成时 Bythetimeyoureceivethisletter,IwillhaveleftthiscityIshallhavefinisheditbythetimeyoucomeback你回来以前我就做完了BythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft.注意：assoonasafterbefore常与过去完成时连用AfterIhadfinishedmyhomeworkIwenttosleepBeforeIwenttosleepIhadfinishedmyhomeworkAssoonasIhadfinishedmyhomeworkIwentotsleep.但是如果不强调时间的先后都可以用一般过去时AfterIfinishedmyhomeworkIwenttosleep/二、地点状语从句一、Where在…地方wherever无论哪里anywhere任何地方everywhere到处1.whereYoushouldputthebookwhereyoufounditWemustcampwherewecanfindwaterYouhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.2.whereverwhereverthereissmoke,thereisfirepleaseputthecupwhereverthatisconvinient3.anywhereYoucanputitanywhereyoulikeIcan’tstayanywheretherearealotofpeople4.everywhereEverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.去到的每一处都看到同样的情况Ihavesearchedeverywherethereisaclue二、与定语从句的区别1.定语从句中where是关系副词在从句中充当状语前面有表示地点的名词状语从句中where是从属连词引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词整个句子做状语前面无先行词Bamboogrowsbestinplaceswhereitiswarmandwhereitrainsoften.Bamboogrowsbestwhereitiswarmandwhereitrainsoften.GobackwhereyoucamefromGobacktotheplacewhereyoucame2.where引导的状从可放在句首与句末都可而where引导的定语从句只放在句末三、练习1.headvisedmetolive_______theairisfresherA.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where2.inpeacetoo,theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp_______thereishumansufferingA.whoeverB.howeverC.whateverD.wherever3.ifyouaretravelling____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyouown.pleasedoastheRomansdoA.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where 三、原因状语从句Becausesinceforasnowthatinthatbecauseof既然鉴于inasmuchas既然鉴于insofaras鉴于考虑到consideringthatseeingthatgiventhatForthereasonthat由于…原因duetothefactthat由于…事实owingtothefactthat1.because1）语气最强常放句末2）回答why的问句3)强调句ImissedthetrainbecauseIgotuplate.HeisdisappointedbecausehefailedagainBecausehefailedagainsoheisdisappointed错不能出现so注意;because前可以加程度副词simplybecausejustmerelymainlyItisbecausesheistooinexperiencedthatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththesituation2.since语气弱一些表示对方已知的已经存在的原因“既然”常常放句首Sinceyouarenotinterested,Iwon’ttellyouaboutitSincenooneisagainstit,wewillpassit通过了3.as“由于’表示较为明显的原因常放句首Asitissnowing,you’dbettertakeataxiAsyourequestit,Iwillcome4.for1)表示猜测的原因放句末用逗号隔开2)多用于书面语不表示直接原因对前面的句子附带说明Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetIwenttoseehim,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.Iwanttobeanengineer,forit’smydream5.nowthat既然=since表示新出现的情况促成某事的发生放句首居多已经有的情况目前的状况Steven,IheardthattheflighttickettoAmericaischeaprecently.Nowthatyouhavetime,whynotwegotheretogether.Nowthatwecan’tchangethefact,let’sacceptit.6.inthat仅因为就因为有限制意味多用于否定中Someoldpeopleonlyrememberhappythingsinthattheycan’tgetusedtothisfastsocietyIdon’tlikesportsinthatIamgoodatit7.inasmuchasinsofaras既然鉴于Insofarasitisnotmyfault,Idon’tcare.Inasmuchasthedebtorhasnoproperty,Iabandonmyclaim8.consideringthat考虑到鉴于补充说明Sheknowsquitealotaboutit,considering(that)sheisveryyoung.Consideringthatsheisjustachild,Iamnotverystrictwithher9.seeingthat由于因为鉴于已有情况Seeingthathe’sbeensickallweek,heisunlikelytocometoday.SeeingthatyoulivenextdoortoMrBlack,youshouldrecognizeher. 10.forthereasonthat很正式的书面表达DuetothefactthatOwingtothefactthatIleftthatcountryduetothefactthatIcan’tacceptitscultureForthereasonthatOwingtothefactthat11.giventhat由于鉴于Giventhatyouarenewhere,Iwillshowyouaround.四、条件状语从句一、Ifunless=ifnotifonlyaslongas=solongasoncondition(that)incase假如以防万一provided(that)=providing(that)suppose(that)=supposing(that)once1.if如果1）真实条件句2）非真实条件句（虚拟语气）Ifitdoesn’trainwewillgoclimbingIfyouhaveanyquestion,youcanvoicethemnow.可以提出来主将从先主情从现IfIwereabird,Iwouldfly2.unless=ifnotYouwillbelate,unlessyouhurry=You’llbelate,ifyoudon’thurryIfyoudon’tvisithimtomorrow,hewillbeangry=Unlessyouvisithimtomorrowhe’llbeangryIwon’tforgiveyouunlessyouapologize=Iwon’tforgiveyou,Ifyoudon’tapologize3.ifonly只要如果要是…就好了I’llletyouusemycar,ifonlyyoureturnit省略主句用虚拟IfonlyheknewEnglish4.incaseTakeacoatincasetheweatherturnscold主祈使从现IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit如果我忘了请提醒我I’llgiveyoumyphonenumberincaseyouwanttocontactme主将从现注意：incaseof+名词表条件以防inthatcase在那种情况下Incaseofraintheycan’tgotothepark万一下雨他们就不能去公园了Inthatcase,hewouldbepunished情况如此他就会收到惩罚5.aslongas=solongas只要如果主将从现主情从现Aslongasitdoesn’train,wecangotoplayAslongas/solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficultyYoucangotoseethefilmas/solongasyouarriveontime只要你按时到你就能去看这场电影注意：aslongas还有…之久的意思Youcankeepitaslongasyoucan=Youcankeepitaslongaspossible你可以尽量久地保留它6.onconditiongthat条件是只要I’llcomeonconditonthatAmyisinvitedtoo我可以来条件是艾米也被邀请了7.provided(that)=providing(that)Providingthereisnoobjection,weshallmakeadecision Hewon’tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovided(that)weaskforhisadvice只要我们征求他的意见8.suppose(that)=supposing(that)假如假设Supposingitrains,shallwevisitthemuseum?Supposethatyouareafamouswriter,doyouliketowritesuchabook?9.onceI’llmakefriendsonceI’msettledinParis.二、时态的一致1.时间状语从句和条件状语从句中遵从主将从现主情从现主祈使从现He’llbeadoctorwhenhefinishesstudyinghere.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llstart出发Ifyougetthebook,letmeknow.Ifyoulike,youcanstayherefortheweekend.在这里过周末Ifyoudrink,don’tdrive2.如果谓语是wanthope等动词，则条件状从一般用一般现在时Whatdoyouwanttodoifyouhavemuchmoney?IhopetoseeherifI’mfree3.有些句子中主从句都用一般现在时Ifyouringthisnumber,nooneanswersIfyoupresstheswitch,thecomputercomeson如果你按这个开关计算机就会启动4.条件状从中也可用的will表示意愿Ifyouwon’tgo,youneedn’tgo/won’tgo如果你不愿意去，那就不去Ifyou’lljustwaitamoment,I’llfindsomeonetohelpyou如果你愿意等一会我会找人帮你 五、目的状语从句Sothatinorderthatlest以免forfearthat唯恐sothatincase以免1.sothat为了Ispokeslowlysothatyoucouldunderstandme.2.inorderthat为了Sheraisedhervoiceinorderthatshemightbeheard=sheraisedhervoicesothatshemightbeheard注意：inorderthat与sothat可以改为不定式做目的状语=inordertodosoastodotodoSheraisedhervoicesoastobeheard因为soastodo不可以放句首Inordertobeheardsheraisedhervoice=sheraisedhervoiceinordertobeheardTobeheardsheraisedhervoice=sheraisedhervoicetobeheard3.lest以防常用于虚拟语气lestsb(should)doIwrotedownthedateofhisbirthdaylestIshouldforgetitIwasafraidtoopenthedoorlestheshouldfollowme4.forfear(that)常与虚拟连用forfearthatsbshould/may/mightdoShutthewindowforfearthatitmayrainHetookanumbrellawithhimforfearthatitmightrain5.incaseHetookagunincasehemetanywildanimals他带上枪以防遇到野兽6.so这样为了CometomyhousesoIcouldtellyouallaboutitHewrotetheBibleinEnlishsoallcouldreadit7.thatLet’stakethefrontseatsthatwemayseemoreclearly. 六、结果状语从句一、So…thatsuch…thatsothatthatso1.so…that如此以至于中间加形容词和副词Heworkedsohardthathepassedtheexam副词Theyweresoexcitedthattheycriedout如此激动以至于大喊大叫形容词注意：1)So位于句首句子倒装Hewasinjuredsobadlythathehadtobesenttothehospital.SobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtobesenttothehospitalThenovelwassoboringthathegaveupreadingitSoboringwasthenovelthathegaveupreadingit2)如果结果状从是否定可以替换成too…to..句型Davidwassocarelessthathedidn’tfindthemistakesinhistestpaper.Davidwastoocarelesstofindthemistakesinhistestpaper.2.such…that加名词HewassuchafoolthathemadeaterriblemistakeThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatevenlittlechildrencanunderstandit.注意：such位于句首倒装Suchagoodboyishethatwealllovehim注意：当有形容词的时候1）中间加单数可数名词itgavehimsuchashockthathisfaceturnedwhite使他如此震惊以至于他的脸都白了ThisissuchausefuldictionarythatI’mthinkingofbuyingitThisissousefuladictionarythatI’mthinkingofbuyingitHeissuchacleverboythatalltheteacherslikehimHeissocleveraboythatalltheteacherslikehim2)中间加不可数名词只用such对Heshowedsuchconcernthatpeopletookhimtobeafriend他展示出如此的关心人们都把他当朋友了错Heshowedsoconcernthatpeopletookhimtobeafriend对Itissuchniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark错Itissoniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark3).中间是负数可数名词TheyaresuchdifficultproblemsthatIdon’tknowhowtosettlethem.HemadesuchalotofmistakesthathehadtogiveupTheyaresuchfineteachersthatweallrespectthem4）中间是muchlittlemanyfew时SuchalittleboyhassolittledifficultyinworkingoutthisdifficultproblemthatIadmirehimverymuch这样小的孩子解这道题遇到如此少的困难我很羡慕他HehadsomuchworktodothathehadtoworklateintothenightTherearesofewnotebookstheIcan’tgiveyouany笔记本太少以至于我一本也不能给你TherearemanykindsofbikesthatIdon’tknowwhichtobuy 5)such=so+adjHisvoiceissuchthatwecan’tbearit3.sothatHeworkedhardsothathepassedtheexamIstayeduplatelastnightsothatIfeelsleepynow4.that以至于TheweatheristerriblyhotthatIwanttohaveashowerthreetimesaday5.so以至于结果Heplayedcomputergameseverydaysohefailedthefinalexam二、sothat即引导目的状语从句也引导结果状语从句目的为了结果以至于结果…目的状从中常和cancouldmaymightwillwould等情态动词连用Thelittleboysavedeverycoinsothathecouldbuyhismotherapresent能够买Thelittleboysavedeverycoinsothatheboughthismotherapresent，每一枚硬币结果买了Healwaysstudiedhardsothathemaymakegreatprogress这样他才可以取得（目的）Healwaysstudiedhardsothathemadegreatprogress结果他取得了很大进步 七、让步状语从句ThoughAlthoughEvenifEventhoughaswhileHowever+adj/adv=nomatterhowWhatever=nomatterwhatwhoever=nomatterwhowhomever=nomatterwhomWhichever=nomatterwhichwherever=nomatterwherewhenever=nomatterwhenDespiteinspiteof1.although=though尽管虽然它们不可以与but连用但是可以与yetstill连用Although/thoughheistired,he(still)keepsonworkinghard2.asThough用倒装表示让步尽管虽然1).倒装名词Although/thoughheisachild,hecanspeakfivelanguagesChildthough/asheis,hecanspeakfivelanguages2)倒装副词Although/thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogressHardthough/asheworks,hemakeslittleprogress3)倒装动词Although/thoughyoumayobject,I’llcarryouttheexperiment.Objectthough/asyoumay,I’llcarryouttheexperiment.4)倒装形容词Tiredthough/asheis,he(still)keepsonworkinghardAmazingasitmayseemWednesdaynightwasaquietnight.3.while尽管虽然WhileIunderstandyourpointofview,Idonotshareit尽管我理解你的观点但是我不苟同4.evenifeventhough即使尽管语气比althoughthough强烈We’llmakeatripevenif/eventhoughtheweatherisbad.即使天气不好我们也要做一次旅行Youshouldtrytobenicetohim,eventhoughyoudon’tlikehim尽量对他好Eventhough/Evenifitisraining,I’llgotowork尽管下雨我也要去上班注意：Evenif与eventhough可用于虚拟语气中Evenif/EventhoughIwereill,Iwouldattendthemeeting即便是我生病我也要去参加会议Evenif/EventhoughIamill,Iwillattendthemeeting即使我生病了我也要参加会议5.despite尽管=inspiteof+名词引状语DespiteImisshim,IrefusedtocallhimInspiteofhimillness,hestillwenttoseehisgirlfriend.6.however+adj/adv=nomatterhow+adj/adv无论怎么尽管Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wewillovercomeit.Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wewillovercomeit.Nomatterhow/Howeverfastyoucanrun,youstillcan’tcatchupwithhim7.nomatterwhich=whichever无论哪个Nomatterwhich/whicheveryoulikebest,youhave.无论你喜欢哪个你都可以拥有8.nomatterwho=whoever无论谁Nomatterwho/whoeveryouare,youmustobeythelaw9.nomatterwhen=whenever无论何时Nomatterwhen/whenevershecomes,shesaysthesamewords无论她什么时候来她都说同样话 10.nomatterwhom=whomever无论谁Whomever/Nomatterwhomyouask,youwillnotgettheanswer11.nomatterwhere/wherever无论哪里Nomatterwherehegoes,healwayscarryhissuitcase手提箱12.nomatterwhat=whatever无论什么Nomatterwhatdo,Iwillsupportyou注意：whatever系列可以引导宾从nomatter系列不可以对Youcanbuywhateveryoulike错Youcanbuynomatterwhatyoulike八、方式状语从句一、用法Asifasthoughjustasasthtwayintheway(in)thesamewayjustas…so…like1.like像…Helookedlikehehadseenaghost他看起来好像见了鬼似的Youtalkedjustlikeyourfatherdoes(省略谓语)2.asif/asthough似乎好像SheactsasthoughsheownstheplaceShetreatshimasifhewasherownson他对待他就像自己的亲生儿子一样3.justas就像Ifinishedtheworkjustasyoutoldme4.as就像Hemustdoasthedoctoradvised他必须按照医生说的去做WheninRomedoastheRomansdo5.justas…so…就像Justasyousow,soshallyoureapJustassomepeoplelikesports,sosomepeoplelikemusic正如有些人喜欢体育有些人喜欢音乐6.theway…方式Youshouldoperatethemachinethewayyouweretold用你被告知的方式去操作这台机器7.inthewayWemustsolvethisprobleminthewaythatwewantitto我们必须按照我们想要方式解决问题8.(in)thesamewayHeisbehaving(in)thesamewayhisfatherusedto他的行为和他父亲过去的行为一样二、特殊情况1.asif/asthough引导的让步从句可用于虚拟Heactedasifhewerebrave他表现的似乎很勇敢（与事实不符）Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain看上去好像要下雨了（与事实相符）Itsoundsasthoughthesituationwouldgetworse.听起来好像情况会恶化似的(与将来事实不符2.从句的省略（当主从句的主语一致时）HelookedatmeasifheweremadHelookedatmeasifmad但是 HelookedatmeasifIweremad不可以改HerushedoutsideasifheistocryHerushedoutsideasiftocryHelayongroundasifheweredeadHelayongroundasifdeadHealwaysknowseverythingasifhedoesitbyinstinctHealwaysknowseverythingasifbyinstinct 九、比较状语从句一、用法As…asnotas/so…asmore…thanlessthanthemore…themoremoreandmorenomorethannotmorethan1.as…asHespeaksEnglishasfluentlyashisbrother(does)2.notas/so…asIcan’tjumpso/ashighashe(does)I’mnotasprettyasmysister(is)3.morethanHespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanhisbrother(does)Don’tcarrymorebooksthanweneed4.less…thanJosephislesshonestthanhisbrother(ishonest)5.themore…themore越…就越…Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouareThemoreyoudo,thelesspleasedheis二、特殊用法morethan1.morethan放数词前“超过；不止；以上”=overMorethan70percentofthesurfaceofourplanetiscoveredbywater.我们这个星球表面有70%以上都为水所覆盖2.morethan放名词前“不只是；不仅仅”Hibernationismorethansleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。Bambooisusedformorethanbuilding.竹子不只是用于建筑。3.morethan形容词副词前，“非常；十分”=verySheismorethancarefulindoingthings.她做事非常细心。4.morethan后接can的从句时，常表示否定意义。从句谓语必须及物，且与句子的主语逻辑上的动宾关系Thissecretismorethanwecanletout.这个秘密我们是不能泄露的（主语secret是letout的逻辑宾语ThatismorethanIcantell那事我实在不明白5.more…than意为“与其……不如……”：“是……而不是……”somuch…as”Heismorelikeawriterthanadancer与其说他（指大象）像别的什么东西，不如说他像一根长矛。Heismorepoltroonthancautious.与其说他谨慎，不如说他是怯懦lessthan接形容词、副词时，“不；不到”1.Wewerebusyandlessthandelightedtohaveanyvisitors.那天我们很忙，不高兴有客人来。Theyoungmanislessthantwentyyearsold.这个年轻人不到20岁。2.不如，比…少Josephislesshonestthanhisbrother.约瑟夫不像他兄弟那样诚实。 Igotlessmoneythantheothersdid.我比别人得到的钱少3.与其说是不如说是Heislessasingerthanadancer与其说是一个歌唱家不如说是一个舞蹈家4.一点也不Hewaslessthanhelpfulwhenwearrived.我们到达时他一点也不帮忙Igotlessmoneythantheothersdid.我比别人得到的钱少nomorethan=notanymorethan1.“只有；仅仅；不过（=only；just）”AbrahamLincoln'swholeschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.林肯所受的全部学校教育总共不过一年的时间。Ispentnomorethanfivedaysreadingthebook仅仅用了五天就读完了nomore…than=not…anymorethan1.“和……一样地不……”，两者都否，MarryisnomorediligentthanTom.=NeitherMarynorTomisdiligent.玛丽和汤姆两个人都不勤奋。2.“不能……正如……WecannomoreleavethePartythanfishcanleavewater.我们不能离开党，正如鱼儿离不开水一样。notmorethan1.用于数词之前，意为“至多；顶多；不超过”Heisnotmorethanseventeen.他最多不过17岁。notmore…than“不如……；不及于……”Thisstoryisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.这个故事不如那个故事有趣。nolessthan1.“不少于；不下于……之多；多达…”Inthatbattle，wewipedoutnolessthantwentythousandenemies.在那一次战役中，我们消灭的敌人不下20000人noless…than至少,和……一样都Heisnolessactivethanheusedtobe.他和以前一样活跃MaryisnolessprettythanLily玛丽和莉莉一样漂亮MaryisnolessuglythanLily玛丽和莉莉一样丑notlessthan“不少于”，nolessthan某种情况下等于notlessthanOurschoolhasnotlessthan/nolessthanthreethousandstudents.我们学校拥有的学生不下三千人notless…than“至少不比……差”，HisEnglishisnotlessthanyours.他的英语至少不比你的英语差