国际经济学克鲁格曼ppt课件.ppt

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1、Chapter5ResourcesandTrade:TheHeckscher-OhlinModelPreviewProductionpossibilitiesChangingthemixofinputsRelationshipsamongfactorpricesandgoodsprices,andresourcesandoutputTradeintheHeckscher-OhlinmodelFactorpriceequalizationTradeandincomedistributionEmpiricalevidenceIntroductionInadditiontodiffer

2、encesinlaborproductivity,tradeoccursduetodifferencesinresourcesacrosscountries.TheHeckscher-Ohlintheoryarguesthattradeoccursduetodifferencesinlabor,laborskills,physicalcapital,capital,orotherfactorsofproductionacrosscountries.Countrieshavedifferentrelativeabundanceoffactorsofproduction.Produc

3、tionprocessesusefactorsofproductionwithdifferentrelativeintensity.TwoFactorHeckscher-OhlinModelTwocountries:homeandforeign.Twogoods:clothandfood.Twofactorsofproduction:laborandcapital.Themixoflaborandcapitalusedvariesacrossgoods.Thesupplyoflaborandcapitalineachcountryisconstantandvariesacross

4、countries.Inthelongrun,bothlaborandcapitalcanmoveacrosssectors,equalizingtheirreturns(wageandrentalrate)acrosssectors.ProductionPossibilitiesWithmorethanonefactorofproduction,theopportunitycostinproductionisnolongerconstantandthePPFisnolongerastraightline.Why?Numericalexample:K=3000,totalamou

5、ntofcapitalavailableforproductionL=2000,totalamountoflaboravailableforproductionProductionPossibilitiesSupposeuseafixedmixofcapitalandlaborineachsector.aKC=2,capitalusedtoproduceoneyardofclothaLC=2,laborusedtoproduceoneyardofclothaKF=3,capitalusedtoproduceonecalorieoffoodaLF=1,laborusedtoprod

6、uceonecalorieoffoodProductionPossibilities(cont.)Productionpossibilitiesareinfluencedbybothcapitalandlabor:aKCQC+aKFQF≤KaLCQC+aLFQF≤LTotalamountofcapitalresourcesCapitalusedforeachyardofclothproductionTotalyardsofclothproductionCapitalusedforeachcalorieoffoodproductionTotalcaloriesoffoodprodu

7、ctionTotalamountoflaborresourcesLaborusedforeachyardofclothproductionLaborrequiredforeachcalorieoffoodproductionProductionPossibilities(cont.)Constraintoncapitalthatcapitalusedcannotexceedsupply:2QC+3QF≤3000Constraintonlaborthatlaborusedcanno