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时间:2020-11-23
《克鲁格曼国际经济学第十版课件.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter1IntroductionPreviewWhatisinternationaleconomicsabout?InternationaltradetopicsGainsfromtrade,explainingpatternsoftrade,effectsofgovernmentpoliciesontradeInternationalfinancetopicsBalanceofpayments,exchangeratedetermination,internationalpolicyc
2、oordinationandcapitalmarketsInternationaltradeversusfinanceWhatIsInternationalEconomicsAbout?Internationaleconomicsisabouthownationsinteractthrough:tradeofgoodsandservices,flowsofmoney,andinvestment.Internationaleconomicsisanoldsubject,butcontinuesto
3、growinimportanceascountriesbecometiedmoretotheinternationaleconomy.Nationsarenowmorecloselylinkedthaneverbefore.WhatIsInternationalEconomicsAbout?(cont.)U.S.exportsandimportsassharesofgrossdomesticproducthavebeenonalong-termupwardtrend.Internationalt
4、radehasroughlytripledinimportancecomparedtotheeconomyasawholeinthepast50years.Bothimportsandexportsfellin2009duetotherecession.Fig.1-1:ExportsandImportsasaPercentageofU.S.NationalIncomeWhatIsInternationalEconomicsAbout?(cont.)ComparedtotheUnitedState
5、s,othercountriesareevenmoretiedtointernationaltrade.TheirimportsandexportsasashareofGDParesubstantiallyhigher.TheUnitedStates,duetoitssizeanddiversityofresources,relieslessoninternationaltradethanalmostanyothercountry.Fig.1-2:AverageofExportsandImpor
6、tsasPercentageofNationalIncomein2011GainsfromTradeThattherearegainsfromtradeisprobablythemostimportantinsightininternationaleconomics.Countriessellinggoodsandservicestoeachotheralmostalwaysgeneratesmutualbenefits.Whenabuyerandasellerengageinavoluntar
7、ytransaction,bothcanbemadebetteroff.Norwegianconsumersimportorangesthattheywouldhaveahardtimeproducing.GainsfromTrade(cont.)Howcouldacountrythatisthemost(least)efficientproducerofeverythinggainfromtrade?Countriesusefiniteresourcestoproducewhattheyare
8、mostproductiveat(comparedtotheirotherproductionchoices),thentradethoseproductsforgoodsandservicesthattheywanttoconsume.Countriescanspecializeinproduction,whileconsumingmanygoodsandservicesthroughtrade.GainsfromTrade(cont.)Tradebenefitscountriesbyallo
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