克鲁格曼《国际经济学》讲义CH05.ppt

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1、Chapter5TheStandardTradeModelCopyright©2006西南财经大学吴晓东1ChapterOrganizationIntroductionAStandardModelofaTradingEconomyInternationalTransfersofIncome:ShiftingtheRDCurveTariffsandExportSubsidies:SimultaneousShiftsinRSandRDSummaryAppendix:RepresentingInternationalEquilibriumwithOfferCurvesCopyright©20

2、06西南财经大学吴晓东2IntroductionPrevioustradetheorieshaveemphasizedspecificsourcesofcomparativeadvantagewhichgiverisetointernationaltrade:Differencesinlaborproductivity(Ricardianmodel)Differencesinresources(specificfactorsmodelandHeckscher-Ohlinmodel)Copyright©2006西南财经大学吴晓东3Thosemodelssharesnumberoffeat

3、ures:TheproductivecapacityofaneconomycanbesummarizedbyitsproductionpossibilityfrontierProductionpossibilitiesdetermineacountry’srelativesupplyscheduleWorldequilibriumisdeterminedbyworldrelativedemandandaworldrelativesupplyschedulethatliesbetweenthenationalrelativesupplyschedules.Thestandardtrade

4、modelisageneralmodeloftradethatadmitsthesemodelsasspecialcases.Copyright©2006西南财经大学吴晓东4AStandardModelofaTradingEconomyThestandardtrademodelisbuiltonfourkeyrelationships:ProductionpossibilityfrontierandtherelativesupplycurveRelativepricesandrelativedemandWorldrelativesupplyandworldrelativedemand

5、TermsoftradeandnationalwelfareCopyright©2006西南财经大学吴晓东5AStandardModelofaTradingEconomyProductionPossibilitiesandRelativeSupplyAssumptionsofthemodel:Eachcountryproducestwogoods,food(F)andcloth(C)Eachcountry’sproductionpossibilityfrontierisasmoothcurve(TT)Thepointonitsproductionpossibilityfrontier

6、atwhichaneconomyactuallyproducesdependsonthepriceofclothrelativetofood,PC/PF.IsovaluelinesLinesalongwhichthemarketvalueofoutputisconstantCopyright©2006西南财经大学吴晓东6Figure5-1:RelativePricesDeterminetheEconomy’sOutputQIsovaluelinesTTAStandardModelofaTradingEconomyClothproduction,QCFoodproduction,QFC

7、opyright©2006西南财经大学吴晓东7Figure5-2:HowanIncreaseintheRelativePriceofClothAffectsRelativeSupplyQ1VV1(PC/PF)1Q2VV2(PC/PF)2AStandardModelofaTradingEconomyTTClothproduction,QCFoodproduction,QFCopyright©2006西南财经大学吴晓东8RelativePrice