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1、VeterinaryMicrobiology102(2004)19CoronavirusinfectionofspottedhyenasintheSerengetiecosystemMarionL.Easta,b,∗,KarinMoestlc,VivianeBenetkac,ChristianPitraa,OliverP.Hönera,b,BettinaWachtera,b,HeribertHofera,baInstituteforZooandWildlifeResearch,Alfred-KowalkeStr.17,
2、D-10315Berlin,GermanybMax-PlanckInstituteforBehaviouralPhysiology,D-82319Seewiesen,GermanycClinicalVirologyGroup,InstituteofVirology,UniversityofVeterinaryMedicineVienna,Veterinaerplatz1,A-1210Vienna,AustriaReceived21October2003;receivedinrevisedform26April2004;
3、accepted27April2004AbstractSerafrom38free-rangingspottedhyenas(Crocutacrocuta)intheSerengetiecosystem,Tanzania,werescreenedforexposuretocoronavirusofantigenicgroup1.AnimmunofluorescenceassayindicatedhighlevelsofexposuretocoronavirusamongSerengetihyenas:95%whencon
4、sideringserawithtiterlevelsof≥1:10and74%whenconsideringserawithtiterlevelsof≥1:40.Cubshadgenerallylowermeantiterlevelsthanadults.ExposureamongSerengetihyenastocoronaviruswasalsoconfirmedbyaserumneutralisationassayandanELISA.ApplicationofRT-PCRto27fecalsamplesreve
5、aledviralRNAinthreesamples(11%).Allthreepositivefecalsampleswerefromthe15juvenileanimals(<24monthsofage)sampled,andnonefromthe12adultssampled.NoviralRNAwasdetectedintissuesamples(lymphnode,intestine,lung)from11individuals.SequencingoftwoamplifiedproductsfromtheSp
6、roteingeneofapositivesamplerevealedthepresenceofcoronavirusspecificRNAwithasequencehomologytocaninecoronavirusof76and78%andtofelinecoronavirustypeIIof80and84%,respectively.Estimationofthephylogeneticrelationshipamongcoronavirusisolatesindicatedconsiderablediverge
7、nceofthehyenavariantfromthoseinEuropean,AmericanandJapanesedomesticcatsanddogs.Fromlong-termobservationsofseveralhundredknownindividuals,theonlyclinicalsigninhyenasconsistentwiththosedescribedforcoronavirusinfectionsindogsandcatswasdiarrhea.Therewasnoevidencetha
8、tcoronavirusinfectioninhyenascausedclinicalsignssimilartofelineinfectiousperitonitisindomesticcatsorwasadirectcauseofmortalityinhyenas.Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstrep
