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1、Demonstrationof7-nmProjectionsonHumanandAvianCoronavirusesElisabethKjeldsberg,MScDepartmentofVirology,NationalInstituteDirectelectronmicroscopy(EM)ofhumancorona-ofPublicHealth,Oslo,Norwayvirus(HCV)strainOC43andavianinfectiousbron-chitisvirus(lev)strainFrevealedparticleswithsmallgranularproject
2、ionsabout7nminsizeinadditiontothecharacteristiccoronavirusparticleswithprojec-tionsof20nm.Relationshipoftheshortfringedformtotheconventionalcoronavirusparticleisestablishedbyordinaryimmuneelectronmicroscopy(IEM)andimmunosorbentelectronmicroscopy(ISEM).KEYWORDS:coronavirus,granularprojections,i
3、nfectiousbronchitisvirus,electronmicroscopy,immuneelectronmicroscopy,irnmunosorbentelectronmicroscopy.INTRODUCTIONcoronavir~s.~,~ThepresentreportpresentsThecoronovirusesconstituteamorphologicallysimilarfindingsbyelectronmicroscopyofres-distinctgroupofvirusesthatinfectanumberofpiratoryHCVandIBV
4、.animalspeciesandhumans.'Berryetale2werethefirsttoobservethebulbousprojectionsofinfectiousbronchitisvirus(IBV),andafewMATERIALSyearslaterAlmeidaandTyrrel13describedANDMETHODSclearlythedistinctmorphologyofhumanHCVstrainOC43waspropagatedinVerocellcoronavirus(HCV)anditsresemblancetoIBV.monolayers
5、.IBVstrainF,antigenicallycloselySincethenseveralreportsonthemorphologyrelatedtotheMassachusettsstraingandpas-ofcoronaviruseshavebeenpublished.saged39timesinembryonatedeggs,waskindlyCoronavirusesarepleomorphic,roughlysuppliedbyDr.J.Krogsrud,VeterinaryInsti-sphericalparticleswithacharacteristicc
6、oronatute,Oslo.HCVincellculturesandIBVinofwidelyspacedsurfaceprojectionsthatshowallantoicfluidwerekeptfrozenat-20°Cuntilanextremelynarrowstalkanddilationsattheuse.Fordirectelectronmicroscopy(EM)thedistalend.Differentcoronavirusesvaryinsizevirussuspensionsweregentlythawedandclari-ofthetotaldiam
7、eter,whichrangesfrom60-fiedbylowspeedcentrifugationfor5minat220nminnegativelystainedpreparations.'2000gandthesupernatantsrecentrifugedforFurthermore,thesurfaceprojectionsvaryin1hat35,000g.Thepelletsweresuspendedinsize,withlengthsbetween
