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哥本哈根气候大会协议（英文版）TheHeadsofState,HeadsofCovernment,Ministers,andotherheadsofdelegationpresentattheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConference2009inCopenhagen,InpursuitoftheultimateobjectiveoftheConventionasstatedinitsArticle2,BeingguidedbytheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvenlion、NotingtheresultsofworkdonebythetwoAdhocWorkingGroups,Endorsingdecisionx/CP.15ontheAdhocWorkingGrouponLong-termCooperativeActionanddecisionx/CMP.5thatrequeststheAdhocWorkingGrouponFurtherCommitmentsofAnnexIPartiesundertheKyotoProtocoltocontinueitswork,HavetigreedonthisCopenhagenAccordwhichisoperationalimmediately.1.Weunderlinethatclimatechangeisoneofthegreatestchallengesofourtime・Weemphasizeourstrongpoliticalwilltourgentlycombatclimatechangeinaccordaneewiththeprincipleofcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities.ToachievetheultimateobjectiveoftheConventiontostabilizegreenhousegasconcentrationintheatmosphereatalevelthatwouldpreventdangerousanthropogenicinterferencewiththeclimatesystem,weshall,recognizingthescientificviewthattheincreaseinglobaltemperatureshouldbebelow2degreesCelsius,onthebasisofequityandinthecontextofsustainabledevelopmen匚enhaneeourlong-termcooperativeactiontocombatclimatechange.Werecognizethecriticalimpactsofclimatechangeandthepotentialimpactsofresponsemeasuresoncountriesparticularlyvulnerabletoitsadverseeffectsandstresstheneedtoestablishacomprehensiveadaptationprogrammerincludinginternationalsupport.2.Weagreethatdeepcutsinglobalemissionsarerequiredaccordingtoscience,andasdocumentedbytheIPCCFourthAssessmentReportwithaviewtoreduceglobalemissionssoastoholdtheincreaseinglobaltemperaturebelow2degreesCelsius,andtakeactiontomeetthisobjectiveconsistentwithscieneeandonthebasisofequity.Weshouldcooperateinachievingthepeakingofglobalandnationalemissionsassoonaspossible,recognizingthatthetimeframeforpeakingwillbelongerindeveloping countriesandbearinginmindthatsocialandeconomicdevelopmentandpovertyeradicationarethefirstandoverriciingprioritiesofdevelopingcountriesandthatalow-emissiondevelopmentstrategyisindispensabletosustainabledevelopment.1.Adaptationtotheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeandthepotentialimpactsofresponsemeasuresisachallengefacedbyallcountries・EnhancedactionandinternationalcooperationonadaptationisurgentlyrequiredtoensuretheimplementationoftheConventionbyenablingandsupportingtheimplementationofadaptationactionsaimedatreducingvulnerabilityandbuildingresilienceindevelopingcountries,especiallyinthosethatarepiirticularlyvulnerable,especiallyleastdevelopedcountries,smallislanddevelopingStatesandAfrica.Weagreethatdevelopedcountriesshallprovideadequate,predictableandsustainablefinancialresources,technologyandcapacity-buildingtosupporttheimplementationofadaptationactionindevelopingcountries・2.AnnexIPartiescommittoimplementindividuallyorjointlythequantifiedeconoinywideemissionstargetsfor2020,tobesubmittedintheformatgiveninAppendixIbyAnnexIPartiestothesecretariatby31January2010forcompilationinanINFdocument・AnnexIPartiesthatarePartytotheKyotoProtocolwilltherebyfurtherstrengthentheemissionsreductionsinitiatedbytheKyotoProtocol.Deliveryofreductionsandfinancingbydevelopedcountrieswillbemeasured,reportedandverifiedinaccordancewithexistingandanyfurtherguidelinesadoptedbytheConferenceoftheParties,andwillensurethataccountingofsuchtargetsandfinanceisrigorous,robustandtransparent.3.NornAnnexIPartiestotheConvenlionwillimplementmitigationactions,includingthosetobesubmittedtothesecretariatbynon・AnnexIPartiesintheformatgiveninAppendixIIby31January2010,forcompilationinanINFdocument,consistentwithArticle4.1andArticle4.7andinthecontextofsustainabledevelopment.LeastdevelopedcountriesandsmallislanddevelopingStcitesmayundertakeactionsvoluntarilyandonthebasisofsupport.MitigationactionssubsequentlytakenandenvisagedbyNon-AnnexIParties,includingnationalinventoryreports,shallbecommunicatedthroughnationalcommunicationsconsistentwithArticle12.1(b)everytwoyearsonthebasisofguidelinestobeadoptedbytheConferenceoftheParties・Thosemitigationactionsinnationalcommunicationsor otherwisecommunicatedtotheSecretariatwillbeaddedtothelistinappendixII.MitigationactionstakenbyNon-AnnexIPartieswillbesubjecttotheirdomesticmeasurement,reportingandverificationtheresultofwhichwillbereportedthroughtheirnationalcommunicationseverytwoyears.Non-AnnexIPartieswillcommunicateinformationontheimplementationoftheiractionsthroughNationalCommunications,withprovisionsforinternationalconsultationsandanalysisunderclearlydefinedguidelinesthatwillensurethatnationalsovereigntyisrespected.Nationallyappropriatemitigationactionsseekinginternationalsupportwillberecordedinaregistryalongwithrelevanttechnology,financeandcapacitybuildingsupport.ThoseactionssupportedwillbeaddedtothelistinappendixII.Thesesupportednationallyappropriatemitigationactionswillbesubjecttointernationalmeasurernent,reportingandverificationinaccordancewithguidelinesadoptedbytheConferenceoftheParties・1.WerecognizethecrucialroleofreducingemissionfromdeforestationandforestdegradationandtheneedtoenhanceremovalsofgreenhousegasemissionbyforestsandagreeontheneedtoprovidepositiveincentivestosuchactionsthroughtheimmediateestablishmentofamechanismincludingREDD-plus,toenablethemobilizationoffinancialresourcesfromdevelopedcountries・2.Wedecidetopursuevariousapproaches,includingopportunitiestousemarkets,toenhancethecost-effectivenessof,andtopromotemitigationactions.Developingconntries,especiallythosewithlowemittingeconomiesshouldbeprovidedincentivestocontinuetodeveloponalowemissionpathway.3.Scaledup,newandadditional,predictableandadequatefundingaswellasimprovedaccessshallbeprovidedtodevelopingcountries,inaccordaneewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheConvention,toenableandsupportenhancedactiononmitigation,includingsubstantialfinancetoreduceemissionsfromdeforestationandforestdegradation(REDD-plus),adaptation,technologydevelopmentandtransferandcapacity-building,forenhancedimplementationoftheConvention.Thecollectivecommitmentbydevelopedcountriesistoprovidenewandadditionalresources,includingforestryandinvestmentsthroughinternationalinstitutions,approachingUSD30billionfortheperiod2010.2012withbalancedallocationbetweenadaptationandmitigation.Fundingforadaptationwillbeprioritizedforthemostvulnerabledevelopingcountries,suchastheleastdevelopedcountries,smallislanddevelopingStatesandAfrica.Inthecontextofmeaningfulmitigationactions andsparencyonimplementation,developedcountriescommittoagoalofmobilizingjointlyUSD100billiondollarsayearby2020toaddresstheneedsofdevelopingcountries.Thisfundingwillcomefromawidevarietyofsources,publicandprivate,bilateralandmultilateral,includingalternativesourcesoffinance.Newmultilateralfundingforadaptationwillbedeliveredthrougheffectiveandefficientfundarrangements,withagovernancestructureprovidingforequalrepresentationofdevelopedanddevelopingcountries・AsignifiedntportionofsuchfundingshouldflowthroughtheCopenhagenGreenClimateFund.1.Tothisend,aHighLevelPanelwillbeestablishedundertheguidanceofandaccountabletotheConferenceofthePartiestostudythecont「ibutionofthepotentialsourcesofrevenue,ineludingalternativesourcesoffinance,towardsmeetingthisgoal.2.WedecidethattheCopenhagenGreenClimateFundshallbeestablishedasanoperatingentityofthefinnncialmechanismoftheConventiontosupportprojects,programmer,policiesandotheractivitiesindevelopingcountriesrelatedtomitigationincludingREDD-plus,adaptation,capacitybuilding,technologydevelopmentandtransfer.3.InordertoenhanceactionondevelopmentandtransferoftechnologywedecidetoestablishaTechnologyMechanismtoacceleratetechnologydevelopmentandsferinsupportofactiononadapUitionandmitigationthatwillbeguidedbyacountry-drivenapproachandbebasedonnationalcircumstancesandpriorities.4.WecallforanassessmentoftheimplementationofthisAccordtobecompletedby2015,includinginlightoftheConvention，sultimateobjective.Thiswouldineludeconsiderationofst「engtheningtheIong-termgoalreferencingvariousmatterspresentedbythescienee,includinginrelationtotemperaturerisesof1.5degreesCelsius.
