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1、句子成分分析Iloveyou.(主谓宾)MrWang,myHistoryteacheratuniversity,is主同位语谓alearnedman.表(定语)Iheardhimsinginthenextroomlastnight.主谓宾补地点状语时间状语从句分类名词性从句(nominalclauses):主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句定语从句/关系从句(attributiveclauses/relativeclauses):限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句状语从句(adverbialclauses):时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式
2、,条件,让步,比较Whathedoescontradictswhathesays.Thefactisthatyouarelying.Thenewsthatourteamgotthechampionexcitedeveryonepresent.状语从句联系词when/while/as/assoonas…where/wherever…because/since/for…sothat/inorderthat…so…that…/such…that…asif/asthoughif/incasethat/lest/aslongas…though/althou
3、gh/evenif/eventhough……than…LanguageStructuresLookupthewordinadictionarythatgivesdefinitionsinEnglish.(Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatasthesubject,that引导关系从句,并作为该关系从句的主语)Haveyoureadallthebooksthatyouborrowedfromme?(Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatastheobject,that引导关系从句,并作为该
4、关系从句的宾语)I’dliketoseethegentlemanwhocamefromGermanyyesterday.(Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhoasthesubject,who引导关系从句,并作为该关系从句的主语)What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwho/mheintroducedtouslastweek?(Therelativeclauseintroducedbywho/mastheobject,who/m引导关系从句,并作为该关系从句的宾语。)在关系从句中,如果先行词是“人”,则引导
5、词为who(作从句主语或宾语),whom(作从句宾语),或that(作从句主语或宾语)。要注意的是,虽然who比whom的用处更广泛,但如果引导词前是一个介词,则引导词必须为whom,如:Sheistheteacherwho/whomwetalkedabout.Sheistheteacheraboutwhomwetalked.在关系从句中,如果先行词是“物”,则引导词为that或which,两者均可作从句的主语或宾语。它们的区别在于:(1)如果先行词有all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,n
6、one,little等不定代词,则只能用that,不能用which;e.g.IhavereadallthemagazinesthatIboughtlastweek.(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级或first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰,则只能用that,不能用which;e.g.ItisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.(3)在介词后的引导词只能用which,不能用that;e.g.Justchoosethesubjectinwhichyouaremost
7、interested.(4)在非限制性关系从句中,只能用which为引导词,不能用that。e.g.Theriver,whichflowsthroughLondon,iscalledtheThames.12October1492wastheday__________ColumbuslandedinAmerica.Akitchenetteisasmallroom_________peoplecooktheirmeals.Isthatthereason__________wehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?12Octobe
8、r1492wasthedaywhen/onwhichColumbuslandedinAmerica.Akitchenetteisasma