曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版PPT课件 24.ppt

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1、©2007ThomsonSouth-WesternMeasuringtheCostofLivingInflationreferstoasituationinwhichtheeconomy’soverallpricelevelisrising.Theinflationrateisthepercentagechangeinthepricelevelfromthepreviousperiod.THECONSUMERPRICEINDEXTheconsumerpriceindex(CPI)isameasureoftheoveral

2、lcostofthegoodsandservicesboughtbyatypicalconsumer.TheBureauofLaborStatisticsreportstheCPIeachmonth.Itisusedtomonitorchangesinthecostoflivingovertime.THECONSUMERPRICEINDEXWhentheCPIrises,thetypicalfamilyhastospendmoredollarstomaintainthesamestandardofliving.Howth

3、eConsumerPriceIndexIsCalculated1.Fixthebasket.Determinewhatpricesaremostimportanttothetypicalconsumer.TheBureauofLaborStatistics(BLS)identifiesamarketbasketofgoodsandservicesthetypicalconsumerbuys.TheBLSconductsmonthlyconsumersurveystosettheweightsforthepricesoft

4、hosegoodsandservices.HowtheConsumerPriceIndexIsCalculated2.Findtheprices.Findthepricesofeachofthegoodsandservicesinthebasketforeachpointintime.3.Computethebasket’scost.Usethedataonpricestocalculatethecostofthebasketofgoodsandservicesatdifferenttimes.HowtheConsume

5、rPriceIndexIsCalculated4.Chooseabaseyearandcomputetheindex.Designateoneyearasthebaseyear,makingitthebenchmarkagainstwhichotheryearsarecompared.Computetheindexbydividingthepriceofthebasketinoneyearbythepriceinthebaseyearandmultiplyingby100.HowtheConsumerPriceIndex

6、IsCalculated5.Computetheinflationrate.Theinflationrateisthepercentagechangeinthepriceindexfromtheprecedingperiod.HowtheConsumerPriceIndexIsCalculatedTheinflationrateiscalculatedasfollows:Table1CalculatingtheConsumerPriceIndexandtheInflationRate:AnExampleTable1Cal

7、culatingtheConsumerPriceIndexandtheInflationRate:AnExampleHowtheConsumerPriceIndexIsCalculatedCalculatingtheConsumerPriceIndexandtheInflationRate:AnotherExampleBaseYearis2002.Basketofgoodsin2002costs$1,200.Thesamebasketin2004costs$1,236.CPI=($1,236/$1,200)100=10

8、3.Pricesincreased3percentbetween2002and2004.FYI:WhatIsintheCPI’sBasket?17%Transportation15%FoodandbeveragesMedicalcare6%Recreation6%Apparel4%Othergoodsandservi