曼昆经济学原理（宏观经济分册）课件.ppt

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1、31Open-EconomyMacroeconomics:BasicConceptsOpen-EconomyMacroeconomics:BasicConceptsOpenandClosedEconomiesAclosedeconomyisonethatdoesnotinteractwithothereconomiesintheworld.Therearenoexports,noimports,andnocapitalflows.Anopeneconomyisonethatinteractsfreelywithothereconomiesaroundthew

2、orld.封闭经济：不与世界上其他经济相互交易的经济开放经济：与世界上其他经济自由交易的经济TheFlowofGoods:Exports,Imports,NetExportsExportsaregoodsandservicesthatareproduceddomesticallyandsoldabroad.Importsaregoodsandservicesthatareproducedabroadandsolddomestically.Netexports(NX)arethevalueofanation’sexportsminusthevalueofits

3、imports.Netexportsarealsocalledthetradebalance.出口：国内生产而在国外销售的物品与劳务进口：国外生产而在国内销售的物品与劳务净出口或者贸易余额=出口值–进口值TheFlowofGoods:Exports,Imports,NetExportsFactorsThatAffectNetExportsThetastesofconsumersfordomesticandforeigngoods.Thepricesofgoodsathomeandabroad.Theexchangeratesatwhichpeopleca

4、nusedomesticcurrencytobuyforeigncurrencies.消费者对国内与国外物品的嗜好国内与国外物品的价格人们可以用国内通货购买国外通货的汇率TheFlowofGoods:Exports,Imports,NetExportsFactorsThatAffectNetExportsTheincomesofconsumersathomeandabroad.Thecostsoftransportinggoodsfromcountrytocountry.Thepoliciesofthegovernmenttowardinternationa

5、ltrade.Figure1TheInternationalizationoftheU.S.EconomyPercentofGDP05101519501955196019651970197519801990198520001995ExportsImportsCopyright©2004South-WesternTheFlowofFinancialResources:NetCapitalOutflowNetcapitaloutflowreferstothepurchaseofforeignassetsbydomesticresidentsminusthepur

6、chaseofdomesticassetsbyforeigners.AU.S.residentbuysstockintheToyotacorporationandaMexicanbuysstockintheFordMotorcorporation.资本净流出：本国居民购买的外国资产减去外国人购买的国内资产TheFlowofFinancialResources:NetCapitalOutflowVariablesthatInfluenceNetCapitalOutflowTherealinterestratesbeingpaidonforeignassets.

7、Therealinterestratesbeingpaidondomesticassets.Theperceivedeconomicandpoliticalrisksofholdingassetsabroad.Thegovernmentpoliciesthataffectforeignownershipofdomesticassets.国外资产得到的真实利率国内资产得到的真实利率持有外国资产可以觉察到的经济与政治风险影响国外对国内资产所有权的政府政策TheEqualityofNetExportsandNetCapitalOutflowNetexports(N

8、X)andnetcapitaloutflow(NCO