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1、定语从句定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。(一)引导词的使用1.关系代词和关系副词的区别:A、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。B.如定语从句中缺宾语,确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词,如是,用关系代词,如不是,用关系副词。C.如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构,有主语,则用关系副词。2.关系代词that与
2、which的选用A:只能用that的情况:a.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
3、 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。b.当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。c.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。d.当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如:This is the very dictionary that
4、 I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如:Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。e.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁?f.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如:They talke
5、d about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。 g.当关系代词在从句中作表语时:Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.B.只能用which的情况:引导非限定性定语从句,可用于介词后,其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某
6、一部分。3.关系代词as与which 的选用a、如果定语放主句后,即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.b、如果从句在主句前,这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。Asweallknow,theearthisround.c.用于thesame…as…,such…as…,as…as…,so…as…中,一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.d.as代表前面主句意思时,有“正如…”之意
7、,而which没有此意思,从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.f.as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态,如beknown,besaid,bereported等,如从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.g.如果从
8、句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用,或者说导致的结果,则用which.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.注意:当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。如:Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到,这使得老师很恼4. 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常