北京交通大学英汉翻译基础第二单元遣词法U2Diction.ppt

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1、Diction遣词用字一、教学重点：1.语境在翻译中的重要性2.英汉词字层次对等关系3.词义的选择和引申二、教学内容：1.英汉词字层次对等关系2.英语词义辨析法3.词义的选择4.词义的引申IdiomsRelatedtotheAnimals猫哭老鼠---假慈悲牛头不对马嘴骑虎难下兔子不吃窝边草shedcrocodiletearstotallyirrelevanthaveawolfbytheears;inadilemmaThefoxpreysfarthestfromhome.IdiomsRelatedtotheAnimals车水马龙杯弓蛇影马到成功[endless]streamofhor

2、sesandcarriages--heavytraffic(onthestreet);aflowoftraffic;becrowdedwithpeopleandvehiclesanillusorysnakeinagoblettowinsuccessimmediatelyuponarrival;togainanimmediatevictory;towininstantsuccess...wishyoueverysuccess...IdiomsRelatedtotheAnimals替罪羊猴精猴精的闻鸡起舞挂羊头卖狗肉猪狗不如鸡毛蒜皮的小事儿披着羊皮的狼猴年马月偷鸡摸狗人怕出名猪怕壮落汤鸡

3、痛打落水狗替罪羊scapegoat披着羊皮的狼猴精猴精的awolfinsheep'sskin;awolfinthedisguiseof…猴年马月canny,shrewddonkey’syears鸡毛蒜皮petty(ortrifling)things;trifles落汤鸡(looklike)adrownedrat挂羊头卖狗肉tooffertogiveorsellsth.thatisinferiortowhatyouclaimittobe偷鸡摸狗onthesly猪狗不如actlikeabruteIdiomsRelatedtotheAnimalsIdiomsRelatedtotheAnim

4、als痛打落水狗tobeatadrowningdog;toattacksomeonealreadydowninhisluck人怕出名猪怕壮fameinvitestroubleformenjustasfatteningdoesforpigs闻鸡起舞risingupuponhearingthecrowofaroostertopractiseswordplaying;berousedintoactionQuestion:Afterdiscussingtheabovephrasesandidiomsinbothlanguages,whatdifferenceshaveyoufoundbetw

5、eenthetwoculturesmentioned?Whatproperwordsshouldbeusedinthetargetlanguage?Ⅱ.MethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWord2、JudgingfromtheReferences1)thirdpersonpronouns;indefinitepronouns:some,any,each,both;definitepronouns:much,many,few,littleHe(father)sentJohntotheuniversityandwase

6、agertohavehimdistinguishhimself.他送约翰上大学，巴望能让儿子出类拔莽。2、JudgingfromtheReferences2)demonstrativepronouns:this,that,these,those;demonstrativeadverbs:here,there,now,then,etc.Healthisabovewealth,forthiscannotgivesomuchhappinessasthat.健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人那么多幸福。Ⅱ.MethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMean

7、ingofanEnglishWordⅡ.MethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWord2、JudgingfromtheReferences3)referencesofcomparisonIhateblueshirts;whiteshirtssuitmebutgrayisthemostpreferable.我讨厌穿蓝衬衫，喜欢穿白衬衫，而最喜欢穿灰衬衫.Ⅱ.MethodsofDiscrimin